Tuesday, December 24, 2019

The Rise Of Renewable Energy - 1775 Words

Kammen, D. M., Kammen, D. M. (2006). The rise of renewable energy. Scientific American, 295(3), 84-93. The author of this article is Daniel Kammen, a distinguished professor of energy at the University of California, Berkeley. He is also the climate advisor to the Obama administration. In this article, the author’s major arguments were, one: greenhouse gas emissions can succeed through an increase in energy efficiency sources alone, two: the world should invest in solar cells, which is also known as photovoltaics, three, the commercialization of renewable energy sources accelerated, since 2000; four, wind power has been growing at the same pace of the solar energy industry, five, researchers are pressing hard for the development of†¦show more content†¦The only Kammen believes that this problem could be solved is to increase the energy efficiency technologies and that the United States and other developed nations must take the lead in developing renewable energy sour ces that generate little or no carbon. In my opinion, this option has a lot to do with the political will of these developed countries. Politicians and policymakers have worked in harmony in order to achieve this goal, which is often challenging, given the different interests of the two. In addition, the author believes that solar cells, which use semiconductor materials to convert sunlight into electricity, has a global generating capacity of 5,000 megawatts (MW) could potentially supply the world’s energy about 5,000 times as much as the world currently need (Kammen, 2006, p. 86). This sounds very impressive, but the question is, can countries in the developing afford to invest in this source of energy? I don’t think so, at least for now. Next to solar, wind energy is another renewable energy source that Kammen believes as a possible alternative, given the fact the wind energy industry has climbed to the pace of solar energy in terms of energy efficiency. The wind turbines, according to this author, has an increased rate of 25 percent per year for the past decade, and it produced nearly

Monday, December 16, 2019

Forms and Classification of Online Business Free Essays

Forms and classification of online business According to (Adam, Z. R. ), the major different types of e-commerce (B2B) Business-to Business, (B2C) Business-to-Consumer, (B2G) Business-to-Government, (C2C) Consumer-to-Consumer and M-commerce which is mobile commerce. We will write a custom essay sample on Forms and Classification of Online Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now Business-to-business is simply e-commerce that is present between two businesses. It is said that it is the fastest growing type of e-commerce, much faster than B2C. It is a type of e-commerce wherein two businesses transact with each other online. About 80% of online businesses are of B2B type. Business-to-consumer is e-commerce between companies and consumers. It is the second largest in growth and numbers among the types of E-commerce. It basically is interactions between consumers whether they transact online or offline or just gather information about products that are being offered by the company. Examples of such companies that are of B2B are Amazon and Costco. Business-to-government is e-commerce between companies and the public sector. It refers to the use of the Internet for public procurement, licensing procedures, and other government-related operations Consumer-to-consumer is e-commerce between private individuals with their fellow consumers. This type of e-commerce is characterized by online markets and online auctions wherein these sites serve as a medium for consumers to transact with other consumers. This type of e-commerce is said to have huge potential of growth out of all the types of e-commerce. Consumer-to-business is e-commerce that is likened to reverse auction. It is basically the opposite of selling wherein a company would respond to a consumer’s need. This type of e-commerce is rarely encountered. However, e-bays report that there is a large number of this type of e-commerce wherein they earn millions of dollars every day. Mobile commerce is e-commerce wherein transactions from businesses to consumers are done through wireless networks through the medium of PDA’s and portable handheld devices. Business Models used on the Internet According to (Starting an internet business- we make it simple), there are numerous ways on making money in the internet. There are business models on which they are differentiated on how they execute and return profit. Some of these are retail while some use the power of information to sell. Affiliate Marketing  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the most common type of Internet business around. It objective is to market and sell someone  else’s  product. There are various ways to market the brand both on and offline. Passive (or niche sites)  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ sites designed to market advertising and/or products that require little to no maintenance. These sites can be focused on small subjects or some are built to be big multi-subject sites. The main intention here is build, promote and forget. Information Sites – this could fall into the category of passive. These sites are built for advertising; they target a narrow subject and are intended to make money primarily from advertising. Once set up and promoted, they only require occasional maintenance. Other specific business models are Product creator wherein creating one’s product be it a fashion line, shoes, and etc as long as it’s an original product and not someone else’s. Its difference with affiliate marketing is that Product creator makes one’s products and sells it as well. Email Marketing or more commonly called List building makes use of Email marketing wherein one has to build relationships with its customers and is particularly effective in building targeted traffic. It is the most highly rated way of making money in the Internet. Services are providing services such as weight loss program, quit smoking plan and etc. This provides more consumer interaction and is recommended if one excels in interacting with people. There are also more specific types of business models and more recognizable which is the Retail and Wholesale which is like an online store version of a store such as SM, Costco or Walmart. The main difference between them is that one is whole sale and the other is not. This requires a higher investment compared to other business models since additional cost through shipping products, payment processing, customer service and etc are accumulated. Creating a website for online business According to Poo (2008), in creating one’s website for business purposes, the first step is to determine one’s goals on what will one use the site for? Is it for retailing or purely marketing website? These are some things that need pondering before designing a website to make it an effective website. By brainstorming and finding out the main goals, determining the genre of the website is the next step. This will determine the pros and cons of the website. There are four genres of websites which are the sales or retailing, marketing, information and a web-based application. Poo (2008) describes that retailing or sales website it focuses much on a lot of pictures, sporadic text on product descriptions and these sites are very user friendly and easy to navigate. However, one disadvantage of retail websites is that they are not usually recognized by search engines and one way of counteracting that and bringing in traffic is making use of affiliate programs. Marketing websites compared to retailing websites is that it is designed to sell a product and one product only. Marketing website is very easy to design which feature mostly text and a few images. What is great about marketing websites is that it is perfectly positioned to make money through advertisements and affiliate programs and they are better optimized for search engines which are a huge advantage in getting traffic into the site. Information website compared to marketing and retailer is that its purpose is mainly to inform the consumers of its products or what is its trying to sell. Although some corporate websites such as Nokia, Honda, Sony, and etc. are information websites that can also sell, they are primarily designed to inform its consumers. Information websites are only recommended for businesses that has a national or international presence since local businesses that only has a local presence only gets a few visits on its website while having a business that has a nationwide presence gives off many visits and informs its consumers well on its products. Web based application works like traditional programs but the difference is that web based application is accessed through the web unlike traditional programs which are installed beforehand. It’s basically computer based application that is hosted in a browser-controlled environment. This type of business venture requires a team of programmers who are creative and persevering. The payoff is very profitable but this type of business is not recommended for the newcomers. Efficiency of Online Business compared to Traditional Business According to (Nielsen, 2008), about over 85% of the world’s online population has used the internet to make a purchase which is a staggering 875 million people. Reason why there is a huge percentage of the online community using internet for purchasing is that the internet is unrivaled for its convenience when it comes to researching and shopping. Consumers nowadays would rather stay at the comfort of their homes shopping than travel and find their desired product which is very tiring compared to single click buying. In Philippine context, about 45% of Filipino online population has purchased through online means. Compared to other countries like South Korea which hails to be the number 1 in frequency of using internet for shopping, Philippines is near the bottom list of infrequent use of online shopping. However, for a third world country like Philippines this is a new innovation that is newly tapped into by consumers and in a few years the trend would be increase in use of online shopping could be observed just like what is observed in the Global population which jumped 40% for only two years. In matters of what people look for in an online shop, according to (Nielsen, 2008). â€Å"In selecting sites on which to shop, one-third used a search engine or just surfed around to find the best online store. One in four relied on personal recommendations. It is said that once an online shop captures the hearts and loyalty of its consumers about 60% of these consumers would tend to stick to the same shop in buying its products since consumer relationship has been playing a large role in making these online businesses successful. Furthermore, recommendations from fellow consumers also play a huge role in making an online site successful. Feedback is one important aspect in closing transactio ns in online businesses especially businesses on online auctions or social networking sites that seem to make 1st time online shoppers reluctant to purchase. Using Social Networking for Business According to (Brown of Inc. Technology), online social networking sites are new grounds for profiteering through online means. It is said that two out of every three internet user has used or visited a social networking site according to internet research company Compete. These numbers alone show the potential of what social networking has to offer for business opportunities. Among social networking sites, Myspace, multiply, facebook and etc. are the popular ones while there are other networking sites that have been primarily geared towards entrepreneurs such as LinkedIn, Ryze and Spoke. One of the main strengths and factor in making a successful social networking business is to focus on building networks. First is to find the niche and build the appropriate networks that fit the desired business niche. This is the essential step if not the key step in establishing a successful online business through social networking sites. References: Adam, Z. R. (2003). E-commerce and e-business. Manila, Philippines: United Nations Development Programme. Brown, D. (2009). Using Social Networking for Business. Retrieved March 14, 2010, from the World Wide Web: http://technology. nc. com/internet/articles/200611/interneticebreakers. html Nielsen (2009). Trends in Online Shopping. Retrieved March 14, 2010, from the World Wide Web: http://th. nielsen. com/site/documents/GlobalOnlineShoppingReportFeb08. pdf Poo, C. (2007) Build Website Online. Retrieved March 14, 2010, from the World Wide Web: http://www. cessypoo. com/build-website-online. html Starting an internet business- we make it simple (2010). Types of Business Models- Step 2. Retrieved March 14, 2010 from the World Wide Web: http://biggbucksonline. com/2009/08/25/types-of-internet-business-models/ How to cite Forms and Classification of Online Business, Papers

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Organizational Learning Ambidexterity and Strategic Flexibility

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Learning Ambidexterity and Strategic Flexibility. Answer: Introduction Amazon, also called Amazon.com is an electronic commerce and cloud computing Corporation situated in Seattle, Washington, in the USA. Just like other companies in various other industries such as Google, Apple, and Facebook, Amazon.com is an outstanding collector of consumer information. The organization knows quite a lot about their customers, what they may be looking for to purchase, and what is going on in their lives. Recently, Amazon has confirmed that this year it will establish warehousing and distribution in the Australian market. For the citizens of Australia, Amazon's strategy will mean cheaper access to a wide array of products, but unfortunately, it might be at the expense of other retailers in this market. Australians can now access a wide assortment of brands from this world's biggest retailer at promising reasonable prices and at faster delivery times. This company might introduce a new service called Amazon Prime, which enables buyers to pay an annual fee of approximately $100 for quick and free delivery. In addition, the firm may as well launch a service called Amazon Now, which delivers commodities such as groceries in a period of one hour. However, as Mr. Woolford, the Citi's managing director and head of consumer sector research said, it is not easy to say that Australian retailers are actually prepared to accept Amazon and as such their success in this market will depend entirely on marketing strategies to be employed (Hobday, 2017). In reaction to Amazon's strategic move, competitor companies in Australia might augment their marketing stratagems and pose a significant challenge to this firm almost forcing it out of the market. This essay will provide the marketing personnel in Amazon with an apparent breakthrough how the organization can establish itself successfully in the Australian market. The Product-Market Expansion Grid The Product-Market Expansion Grid sometimes referred to as Ansoff Matrix is a strategic management approach which was created by Igor Ansoff. This marketing stratagem is known to have been used by many leading multinational corporations such as General Electric, IBM, and Philips (Senecal and Nantel, 2004). The Product-Market Expansion Grid is one of the major contributions of Ansoff that is significantly applied by organizations intending to develop approaches to grow and advance their business transactions (Krstic, and Ivanovic, 2011). Fortenberry, (2013, p.269) defines Product-Market Expansion Grid as a tool applied to augment business expansion stratagems by assessing the relationship between the existing and new products, current and new markets, as well as the peril linked with every possible relationship. Ansoff Matrix as supported by many academics assists in business growth plans by the introduction of new or existing commodities, in new or existing marketplaces. Ansoff Matrix is premeditated such that as the corporation schemes its current and fresh commodities and marketplaces, the magnitude of peril connected to that particular approach matches its location on the model. Growing stratagems through current commodities and markets is truncated in terms of the peril associated, but with new brands and marketplaces, risk upsurges (Hunter and Chen, 2011). The Product-Market Expansion Grid provides four primary recommended approaches, namely: market development, marketplace penetration, brand diversification, as well as development. In the subsequent sections of this paper, these four marketing tactics suggested by Ansoff will be expounded in the light of Amazon Australia, and particularly how the Company can implement them to succeed in this competitive market. Ansoffs grid is presented diagrammatically as follows; 1. Market penetration strategy 3. Product development strategy 2. Market development strategy 4. Diversification strategy Market Penetration Strategy which falls in quadrant 1 generates development by concentrating on launching current brands to an existing marketplace. In such cases, potential buyers might be aware of the commodity, but due to some reasons they are not consuming it (Sudo, n.d.) Amazon can use this strategy to accomplish various objectives. The Corporation can, for instance, increase usage of its brands among the existing customers by offering special incentives and loyalty schemes. In addition, the organization can force major competitors out of the market through aggressive products pricing coupled with extensive promotional campaigns. Moreover, Amazon.com can implement this strategy to secure dominance by recognizing specific market segments offering the best prospects for new products at their disposal. Ultimately, this Ansoff's strategy can significantly aid Amazon in growing or increasing its Australian market share by implementing outstanding marketing schemes such as pricing, ad vertisements, rigorous product promotions stratagems as well upsurge in sales exertions (Manion, and Cherion, 2009). Market Development Strategy The Market Development Strategy which falls in second quadrant is applied whenever the brand is a current one, but then the marketplace is new. In other words, this approach is employed every time a firm has recognized new arcades which were beforehand undisclosed, or the moment it intends to advance its souk coverage. Competitors might be taking dominance in the new market or in some instances; it might transpire that the fresh firm might be accepted in an extremely positive manner. In whichever way, there exist various strategies a company for example Amazon can apply to go in and improve its novel Australian bazaar for its commodities. Amazon.com is able to concentrate on introducing its brands in new and untapped geographical regions. This move can aid the firm in circumventing stiff competition in the already established markets where the majority of the buyers go shopping. In addition, Amazon can introduce new pricing mechanisms purposely to attract new target groups to purchas e their brands. By doing so, the organization will be able to secure its loyal customer base to sustain it even during unfavorable economic conditions. Moreover, innovative delivery networks can be generated to provide commodities in firsthand approaches as well as to new buyers (Robinson and Lundstrom, 2003). Again, this strategy will help Amazon in standing out in the industry since it enables the company to present its operation mannerisms in a unique fashion. Product Development Strategy Often Product Development Strategy, in quadrant 3, is employed when a corporation is introducing a new product in an existing market. This might take place because the firm's goods and services are not retailing frequently or may be it has spotted a fresh market segment that it had untapped previously and hence intends to launch firsthand commodity to upsurge its trades. At this point, the entity may be impelled to have new competencies and skills in order to develop its products successfully. Besides, as pointed out by Wei, Yi, and Guo, (2013) this strategy might be more expensive than market engrossed approaches and also needs more time. Amazon, for instance, requires to place more emphasize on detailed assessment of consumer needs and wants, exploration and development, coupled with early introduction to ascertain that commodities are first to market. The corporation can implement various methodologies to stimulate growth in the Australian market. For example, it can consider addi ng new features to its existing brands to attract more customers. Besides, groundbreaking and novel expertise can be supplemented to Amazons products to develop them and thus become more appealing in the eyes of the buyers. These two tactics will not only enable the corporation to develop its commodities, but they will also go a long way to aid it in acquiring a competitive edge in the foreign market (Skilton and Bernardes, 2014). Diversification Strategy Diversification Strategy is predominantly employed whenever new commodities are presented to novel souks. Chen, Jiang, Wang, and Chung Hsu, (2014) coin the perception that diversification in the Ansoff grid is the riskiest of alxl strategies. This approach needs the greatest degree of investment of various capitals such as time and resources. Therefore, Amazon should be adequately prepared concerning finance, and other necessitates before launching its commodities in Australia. Even though this approach seems the most costly, it will provide Amazon.com with a security advantage such that in case of deterioration in a particular segment, the corporation is able to depend on an alternative. Ansoff emphasizes that this approach could allow an organization to gain newfangled skills, facilities, and even operating techniques. Outstanding viability studies and research are vital to ascertain a winning plan. In our case scenario, Amazon Inc. can consider various diversification strategies. They include conglomerate diversification, horizontal diversification, and concentric diversification. In attempt to explain the aforementioned diversification approaches, Daidj, (2015) uses an example of a corporation that manufactures glass materials. Through concentric modification, the company renowned for producing glass jars for the industries dealing in foodstuffs can enter the building arcade by the production of cut-glass blocks. Amazon Inc. is known as among the leading firms dealing in electronic gadgets such as DVSs, CDs, audiobook downloads, and video games. Therefore, in accordance to Daidj, (2015) Amazon can venture into the film market mainly through the production of movies. Through horizontal diversification, glass jar producer realizes the opening to provide specific cement commodities through which it can use to make goblet brick bulwarks. In our case scenario, Amazon may see an opportunity to offer specialized movie shooting software in the Australian market. And finally, through conglomerate diversification, the company handling glass materials can acquire the producer of colored dies which it can use in coloring the glass products it makes. Amazon, therefore, can obtain the producer of movie animations or computer graphics with which it can use to improve the quality of its films. How Amazon can Use the Product-Market Expansion Grid In order to benefit a lot and make the best out of Product-Market Expansion Grid, Amazon needs to comprehend where its unsurpassed prospects are in regard to the current position. The amount of resources the company can expand, as well the magnitude of risk it is capable of sustaining. This means that Amazon should first grow its competencies and resource base in order to enter the Australian market successfully. In the same breath, it is advisable for Amazon.com to employ various risk evaluation tool and gauge the amount of risk it can carry (Hagelin and Pramborg, 2004). While Ansoff Matrix is quite expedient for comprehending how to perceive various commerce development approaches, it hardly clarifies what necessary schedules Amazon ought to take. As soon as the corporation has recognized its position in the lattice, what its interior abilities are in addition to the magnitude of hazard it is able to carry on, the next step is to carry out a thorough market research. Adding in a well-thought-out market analysis will transform the content of this model from just a mere theory to resourceful information that Amazon can take action on (Connor, n.d.). Conclusion As Amazon purports to enter and emerge the game changer in the Australian market, local retailers in this industry have vowed to fight it and as a result, the firm may be making lots of sales but booking no profits. Amazon thus needs to reinvent its business success frameworks to fend off the local threat, and as supported throughout this essay, automation is the key. There are many tactics and strategies which Amazon can use to take root, expand, and compete favorably with other retail companies in Australia. In the contemporary business environment, the most commonly applied strategy which Amazon.com can as well use is market penetration. This approach has emerged the commonest in today's business world for the reason that the marketplace is gradually appearing a jam-packed setting with commodities being presented every day in current market subdivisions. Nevertheless, to secure control and dominance in the foreign market, Amazon needs to implement other strategies such as diversif ication, market development, and product improvement strategies to get ahead of the competition in the international market. References Chen, Y., Jiang, Y., Wang, C. and Chung Hsu, W. (2014). How do resources and diversification strategy explain the performance consequences of internationalization? Management Decision, 52(5), pp.897-915. Connor, J. (n.d.). Evolving Research on Price Competition in the Grocery Retailing Industry: An Appraisal. SSRN Electronic Journal. Daidj, N. (2015).Developing Strategic Business Models and Competitive Advantage in The Digital Sector. Http://Search.Ebscohost.Com/Login.Aspx?Direct=TrueScope=SiteDb=NlebkDb=NlabkAn=878601 Fortenberry, J. L. (2013).Nonprofit Marketing. Burlington, Ma, Jones Bartlett Learning. Hagelin, N. and Pramborg, B. (2004). Dynamic investment strategies with and without emerging equity markets. Emerging Markets Review, 5(2), pp.193-215. Hobday, L. (2017). ABC News. Can Australian retailers survive in the Amazon jungle? [Online] Accessed on 25th March 2017. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-03-22/amazon-to-launch-in-australia-as-local-retailers-vow-to-fight/8376936 Hunter, M. and Chen, R. (2011). From Management to Sustainability: Strategies for Producers, Consumers, and Small Businesses. Journal of Management and Sustainability, 1(1). Krstic, B. and Ivanovaic, V. (2011). Conceptual Framework in Creating and Selecting the Performance Measurement System for Marketing Strategy Control. Marketing, 42(1), pp.27-43. Manion, M. and Cherion, J. (2009). "Impact of Strategic Type on Success Measures for Product Development Projects*." Journal of Product Innovation Management, 26(1), pp.71-85. Robinson, G. and Lundstrom, W. (2003). Market expansion strategy: development of a conceptual market expansion decision scorecard. Journal Strategic Change, 12(5), pp.259-272. Senecal, S. and Nantel, J. (2004). The influence of online product recommendations on consumers online choices. Journal of Retailing, 80(2), pp.159-169. Skilton, P. and Bernardes, E. (2014). Competition network structure and product market entry. Strategic Management Journal, 36(11), pp.1688-1696. Sudo, T. (n.d.). How Does the Market-Based Intermediary Sector Affect the Business Cycle? A Consideration Based on a DSGE Framework. SSRN Electronic Journal. Wei, Z., Yi, Y. and Guo, H. (2013). Organizational Learning Ambidexterity, Strategic Flexibility, and New Product Development. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(4), pp.832-847.

Saturday, November 30, 2019

Jean De Florette Essays - Emotions, Films, Italian Films

Jean De Florette Jean de Florette Love is one of the biggest parts in this movie, if not the biggest part. Jean de Florette to me is a love story, throughout the movie the talk of love was always present. Even the place it was set in is about love France; love is the first thing I think of when people talk about France. In this move almost every character has thoughts of love. Jean de Florette had the most passion for life in this movie. When he talked he showed so much life, with every word he spoke he expressed it as if it were his destiny. Jean loved his family, and he would have done anything for them. Through out the movie he showed many examples just out of love, for instance when they needed water for there farm, he would go to the stream down the hill packed with water pails on his back numerous times a day. He did that because of love. Jean, Aimee, and Manon all shared a special bond between them, like they all understood how each other felt without even asking. The woman in Jeans life was Aimee, she was a very strong hearted and honest woman. A former opera singer in the city, she moved out to Ruissatel because of her love for Jean. This wasnt her favorite place but she was willing to give it a try for Jean. When Jean was going to the stream to get water for the farm she was right by his side. She was his sole partner and would be by his side forever. Manon was I love with one man, her father. She loved him to death, and would have done anything for him. When they were on the farm she would ask to help just to be a part of her fathers dream. After he died she felt a lot of remorse, for a very long time. Manon started to float away from everything as she got older, her mother, the town, and friends. This stayed like this until a strange man came to town, he was the new teacher and she fell in love at first site. Eventually they became very close and both fell in love and got married. Now there have been only two men in her life that she as learned to love. Ugolin is the most un-romantic person in the whole movie, but some how he finds a place in his heart and falls in love with Manon. With the first sight of her he had nothing else in his mind, but to find a way to get her. His whole life he had nothing else on his mind except farming and making a living. Before he saw her though he was all about growing carnations because of the money and he loved the look of them. Ugolin fell in love and failed in the process of capturing her love. Cesar probably had the most romantic heart out of all the characters, but he also had one of the most corrupted hearts as well. His heart of love was the stronger of the two, he had a love of his life when he was younger but he let it get away from him because he was ignorant about continuing his quest for love. After Cesar lost his passion to love again he put his efforts into being an important person in the town. There was no other family besides Ugolin so he was the only other person that he had love for. Cesar tried to help Ugolin find love so he wouldnt be alone like himself, and he almost succeeded but he forgot to teach him about perseverance. Florette Camoins was in love with Cesar and he loved her back. She lost her love for Cesar the same way Cesar lost his love for her, not trusting each other that there love would never fade. After she lost her love she found a new person that was going to take his place. Love is a powerful gift that can not be taken for granted, with out love none of these people in the movie would have had a real purpose except to work and

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Yale School of Management Programs and Admissions

Yale School of Management Programs and Admissions Yale School of Management, also known as Yale SOM, is part of Yale University, a private research university located in New Haven, Connecticut. Although  Yale University is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the United States, the School of Management wasnt founded until the 1970s and didnt begin offering an MBA program until 1999. Although Yale School of Management hasnt been around nearly as long as some business and management schools, it is very well-known and has a reputation for being one of the best business schools in the world. Yale School of Management is one of six Ivy League business schools in the United States. It is also one of the M7, an informal network of elite business schools.   Yale School of Management Programs Yale School of Management offers a wide range of business education programs for students at the graduate level. Degree programs include the  Full-Time MBA program, MBA for Executives program,  Master of Advanced Management program,  PhD program and  Joint Degree programs.  Non-degree programs include Executive Education programs.   Full-Time MBA Program The Full-Time MBA program at Yale School of Management has an integrated curriculum that teaches not only management fundamentals, but also big picture perspectives to help you understand organizations and business as a whole. Much of the curriculum relies on raw cases, which provide you with robust data to help you learn how to make tough decisions in real-world business scenarios. Students who want to apply to the Full-Time MBA program Yale School of Management must submit an online application between July and April. Yale School of Management has round applications, which means that there are multiple application deadlines. To apply, you need transcripts from every college you attended, two recommendation letters, and official GMAT or GRE scores. You must also submit an essay and answer several application questions so that the admissions committee can learn more about you and your desired career path. MBA for Executives Program The MBA for Executives program at Yale School of Management is a 22-month program for working professionals. Classes are held on the weekends (Fridays and Saturdays) on the Yale campus. About 75% of the curriculum is devoted to general business education; the remaining 25% is devoted to the students chosen area of focus. Like the Full-Time MBA program at Yale School of Management, the MBA for Executives program has an integrated curriculum and relies heavily on raw cases to teach students business principles. This program is designed for working professionals, so Yale School of Management does require you to maintain employment while enrolled at in the MBA for Executives program. To apply to this program, you need to submit GMAT, GRE or the Executive Assessment (EA) scores; a resume; two professional recommendations and two essays. You do not need to submit official transcripts to apply, but you will need to submit transcripts if you enroll. Joint Degree Programs The Joint Degree programs at Yale School of Management offer students the opportunity to earn an MBA degree in combination with a degree from another Yale school. Joint Degree options include: MBA/JD with Yale Law SchoolMBA/MEM or MF with Yale School of Forestry Environmental StudiesMBA/MA in Global Affairs with the Jackson Institute for Global AffairsMBA/MD with Yale School of MedicineMBA/MPH with Yale School of Public Health   MBA/MARCH with Yale School of ArchitectureMBA/MFA with Yale School of DramaMBA/MDIV or MAR with Yale Divinity SchoolMBA/PhD with Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Some Joint Degree programs have two-year, three-year, and four-year options. Curriculum and application requirements vary by program. Visit the Yale School of Management website to learn more. Master of Advanced Management Program The Master of Advanced Management (MAM) program at Yale School of Management is a one-year degree program specifically for graduates of Global Network for Advanced Management member schools. The program is meant to provide advanced management education to exceptional students who have already earned an MBA degree. About 20% of the MAM curriculum consists of core courses, while the other 80% of the program is devoted to electives. To apply to the MAM program at Yale School of Management, you need an MBA or an equivalent degree from a Global Network for Advanced Management member school. You will also need to submit one professional recommendation, official transcripts and standardized test scores from one of the following tests: GMAT, GRE, PAEP, China’s MBA Entrance Exam or ieGAT. PhD Program The PhD program at Yale School of Management provides advanced business and management education for students who are seeking a career in academia. Students take 14 courses over the first two years and then work with the Director of Graduate Studies and faculty members to select additional courses to take over their remaining time in the program. Areas of focus on the PhD program include organizations and management, accounting, finance, operations and quantitative marketing. Students who are able to keep up with the demands of the program receive full financial aid. Applications for the PhD Program at Yale School of Management are accepted once each year. The deadline to apply is in early January of the year you wish to attend. To apply, you must submit three academic recommendations, GRE or GMAT scores and official transcripts. Published papers and writing samples are not required, but can be submitted to support other application materials. Executive Education Programs The Executive Education programs at Yale School of Management are open enrollment programs that put students in a room with accomplished Yale faculty members who are leaders in their respective fields. Programs focus on a variety of business and management topics and are available to both individuals and companies throughout the year. Custom programs are also available and can be tailored to the needs of each company. All of the Executive Education programs at Yale School of Management feature an integrated curriculum to help students master fundamentals and gain big picture perspectives.

Friday, November 22, 2019

Laetoli - 3.5 Million Year Old Hominin Footprints

Laetoli - 3.5 Million Year Old Hominin Footprints Laetoli is the name of an archaeological site in northern Tanzania, where the footprints of three homininsancient human ancestors and most likely Australopithecus afarensiswere preserved in the ash fall of a volcanic eruption some 3.63-3.85 million years ago. They represent the oldest hominin footprints yet discovered on the planet.   The Laetoli footprints were discovered in 1976, eroding out of a gully of the Nagarusi river, by team members from Mary Leakeys expedition to the main Laetoli site. Local Environment Laetoli lies in the eastern branch of the Great Rift Valley of eastern Africa, near the Serengeti Plain and not far from Olduvai Gorge. Three and a half million years ago, the region was a mosaic of different ecotones: montane forests, dry and moist woodlands, wooded and unwooded grasslands, all within about 50 km (31 miles) of the footprints. Most Australopithecine sites are located within such regionsplaces with a wide variety of plants and animals nearby. The ash was wet when the hominins walked through it, and their soft print impressions have given scholars in-depth information about the soft tissue and gait of Australopithecines not available from skeletal material. The hominin prints are not the only footprints preserved in the wet ashfall: animals walking through the wet ash included elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses and a wide variety of extinct mammals. In all there are 16 sites with footprints in Laetoli, the largest of which has 18,000 footprints, representing 17 different families of animals within an area of about 800 square meters (8100 square feet). Laetoli Footprint Descriptions The Laetoli hominin footprints are arranged in two 27.5 meter (89 foot) long trails, created in moist volcanic ash which later hardened because of desiccation and chemical change. Three hominin individuals are represented, called G1, G2, and G3. Apparently, G1 and G2 walked side by side, and G3 followed along behind, stepping on some but not all of the 31 footprints of G2. Based on known ratios of the length of a bipedal foot versus hip height, G1, represented by 38 footprints, was the shortest individual of the three, estimated at 1.26 meters (4.1 feet) or less in height. Individuals G2 and G3 were largerG3 was estimated at 1.4 m (4.6 ft) tall. G2s steps were too obscured by G3s to estimate his/her height. Of the two tracks, G1s footprints are the best preserved; the track with footprints of both G2/G3 proved difficult to read, since they overlapped. A recent study (Bennett 2016) has allowed scholars to identify G3s steps apart from G2 more clearly, and reassess the hominin heightsG1 at 1.3 m (4.2 ft), G3 at 1.53 m (5 ft). Who Made Them? At least two sets of the footprints have been definitely linked to A. afarensis, because, like the fossils of afarensis, the Laetoli footprints do not indicate an opposable great toe. Further, the only hominin associated with Laetoli area at the time is A. afarensis. Some scholars have ventured to argue that the footprints are from an adult male and female (G2 and G3) and a child (G1); others say they were two males and a female. Three dimensional imaging of the tracks reported in 2016 (Bennett et al.) suggests that G1s foot had a different shape and depth of heel, a different hallux abduction and a different definition of the toes. They suggest three possible reasons; G1 is a different hominin from the other two; G1 walked at a different time from G2 and G3 when the ash was sufficiently different in texture, producing differently shaped impressions; or, the differences are a result of foot size / sexual dimorphism. In other words, G1 may have been, as others have argued, a child or a small woman of the same species. While there is some ongoing debate, most researchers believe that the Laetoli footprints show that our Australopithecine ancestors were fully bipedal, and walked in a modern manner, heel first, then toe. Although a recent study (Raichlen et al. 2008) suggests that the speed at which the footprints were made might affect the kind of gait required to make the marks; a later experimental study also led by Raichlen (2010) provides additional support for bipedalism at Laetoli. The Sadiman Volcano and Laetoli The volcanic tuff in which the footprints were made (called the Footprint Tuff or Tuff 7 at Laetoli) is a 12-15 centimeter (4.7-6 inches) thick layer of ash which fell on this region from the eruption of a nearby volcano. The hominins and a wide variety of other animals survived the eruptiontheir footprints in the muddy ash prove thatbut which volcano erupted has not been determined. Until relatively recently, the source of the volcanic tuff was thought to be the Sadiman volcano. Sadiman, located about 20 km (14.4 mi) southeast of Laetoli, is now dormant, but was active between 4.8 and 3.3 million years ago. A recent examination of outflows from Sadiman (Zaitsev et al 2011) showed that the geology of Sadiman does not fit perfectly with the tuff at Laetoli. In 2015, Zaitsev and colleagues confirmed that it was not Sadiman and suggested that the presence of nephelinite in Tuff 7 points to the nearby Mosonic volcano, but admit that there is not conclusive proof as of yet. Preservation Issues At the time of excavation, the footprints were buried between a few cm to 27 cm (11 in) deep. After excavation, they were reburied to preserve them, but the seeds of an acacia tree was buried within the soil and several acacias grew in the region to heights of over two meters before researchers noticed. Investigation showed that although those acacia roots did disturb some of the footprints, burying the footprints was overall a good strategy and did protect much of the trackway. A new conservation technique was begun in 1994 consisting of application of a herbicide to kill all the trees and brush, the placement of biobarrier mesh to inhibit root growth and then a layer of lava boulders. A monitoring trench was installed to keep an eye on the subsurface integrity. See Agnew and colleagues for additional information on the preservation activities. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to Lower Paleolithic, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Agnew N, and Demas M. 1998. Preserving the Laetoli foodprints. Scientific American 279(44-55). Barboni D. 2014. Vegetation of Northern Tanzania during the Plio-Pleistocene: A synthesis of the paleobotanical evidences from Laetoli, Olduvai, and Peninj hominin sites. Quaternary International 322–323:264-276. Bennett MR, Harris JWK, Richmond BG, Braun DR, Mbua E, Kiura P, Olago D, Kibunjia M, Omuombo C, Behrensmeyer AK et al. 2009. Early Hominin Foot Morphology Based on 1.5-Million-Year-Old Footprints from Ileret, Kenya. Science 323:1197-1201. Bennett MR, Reynolds SC, Morse SA, and Budka M. 2016. Laetoli’s lost tracks: 3D generated mean shape and missing footprints. Scientific Reports 6:21916. Crompton RH, Pataky TC, Savage R, DAoà »t K, Bennett MR, Day MH, Bates K, Morse S, and Sellers WI. 2012. Human-like external function of the foot, and fully upright gait, confirmed in the 3.66 million year old Laetoli hominin footprints by topographic statistics, experimental footprint-formation and computer simulation. Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9(69):707-719. Feibel CS, Agnew N, Latimer B, Demas M, Marshall F, Waane SAC, and Schmid P. 1995. The Laetoli Hominid footprintsA preliminary report on the conservation and scientific restudy. Evolutionary Anthropology 4(5):149-154. Johanson DC, and White TD. 1979. A systematic assessment of early African hominids. Science 203(4378):321-330. Kimbel WH, Lockwood CA, Ward CV, Leakey MG, Rak Y, and Johanson DC. 2006. Was Australopithecus anamensis ancestral to A. afarensis? A case of anagenesis in the hominin fossil record. Journal of Human Evolution 51:134-152. Leakey MD, and Hay RL. 1979. Pliocene footprints in the Laetolil Beds at Laetoli, northern Tanzania. Nature 278(5702):317-323. Raichlen DA, Gordon AD, Harcourt-Smith WEH, Foster AD, and Haas WR, Jr. 2010. Laetoli Footprints Preserve Earliest Direct Evidence of Human-Like Bipedal Biomechanics. PLoS ONE 5(3):e9769. Raichlen DA, Pontzer H, and Sockol MD. 2008. The Laetoli footprints and early hominin locomotor kinematics. Journal of Human Evolution 54(1):112-117. Su DF, and Harrison T. 2015. The paleoecology of the Upper Laetolil Beds, Laetoli Tanzania: A review and synthesis. Journal of African Earth Sciences 101:405-419. Tuttle RH, Webb DM, and Baksh M. 1991. Laetoli toes and Australopithecus afarensis. Human Evolution 6(3):193-200. Zaitsev AN, Spratt J, Sharygin VV, Wenzel T, Zaitseva OA, and Markl G. 2015. Mineralogy of the Laetolil Footprint Tuff: A comparison with possible volcanic sources from the Crater Highlands and Gregory Rift. Journal of African Earth Sciences 111:214-221. Zaitsev AN, Wenzel T, Spratt J, Williams TC, Strekopytov S, Sharygin VV, Petrov SV, Golovina TA, Zaitseva EO, and Markl G. 2011. Was Sadiman volcano a source for the Laetoli Footprint Tuff? Journal of Human Evolution 61(1):121-124.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Art using hand and brain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art using hand and brain - Essay Example I have been crazy about drawing since I was six years old. I have always been interested in pictures and paintings. Drawing has occupied my mind since I was a kid, and has strengthened its root as I have grown older. People see images everywhere around them, and think that the artists draw those images out of the blue, without much thought and without much effort. However, that is not true at all. The truth is that artists spend ample time in thinking about the ideas behind every picture, and them bringing those ideas to life using imagination and innovation. However, that imagination, originality, and creativity is a gift of God that only some people possess. Artists think a lot before creating a picture. This is because they hold the responsibility for the message that they have to convey through the picture. Sometimes, the picture does not even have to be beautiful to convey the message. The artist uses his brains to deliver the message in the most beautiful way, so that the peopl e do not only enjoy the beauty of the picture, but also get the message in it. Whenever I have to draw a picture, first of all I make a sketch of it using pencil. This sketch is not beautiful at all unless I try to put the idea I have in mind into the picture, using my imagination. But of course, I cannot bring the picture to life without using my brains. The imagination comes from the brain; whereas, the hand can only draw some lines here and there. Hand lays the foundation, and the brain builds the whole building on that foundation. After I have drawn the basic sketch, I put color and beauty in it, keeping in mind that the basic message gets conveyed properly. Most often, I try to convey message about life. Once, I drew a sketch of a dark sea with bright blue horizon. When it was only a pencil sketch, it conveyed no message. But in mind, I had made a picture of happiness and gloom. Since life is a combination of happy and sad moments, I colored the sea very dark to represent gloom , and colored the horizon very bright to represent happiness. The picture turned out to be very remarkable, as it was a combination of sparkling colors, which actually depicted a contrast as happiness and sadness. The point I want to mention is that hand can only draw a basic outline of a picture, but to convey the true message, the artist uses his brains, from where the imagination comes from. Innovation arises from mental understanding of the message. If I had not put in the colors in the above mentioned picture, there was no way to convey the message properly. I am also very fascinated by street art. It is also a beautiful combination of hand and brain. It is an art which, sometimes, is regarded as an annoyance or as an act of vandalism; but most often, it is considered as a means of expressing disapproval about social or political issues prevailing in the society. This aspect of expressing dissent and using art to ask questions from the public or the government makes street art a form of public art. It is actually one of the most convenient means for the artist to show to the superiors what the public is going through and what they want. People find street art interesting, capture images, and discuss them with curiosity. This makes them ponder over what is the idea behind. The artist makes extensive use of his imagination, and puts that imagination into reality through the use of hand and brain. Putting it all together, art cannot be expressed in its true form, if the artist does not know

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Issue of Children in Aboriginal Community Essay

Issue of Children in Aboriginal Community - Essay Example Aboriginal children exercise full power and liberty in all aspects of their lives, a fact that surprised many of the European colonialists who later construed that Aboriginal communities were over empowering their children and giving them unexceptional status and freedom that they did not deserve as children. European colonialist were amazed disciplinary measures used by aboriginal parents for instance, teasing and storytelling as a way of instilling discipline and moral to children. The focus and value of children between Aboriginal and European societies was entirely different because children were increasingly significant in aboriginal societies than in European societies. Children were as a source of pride, status and respect to Aboriginal people, and had freedom and power to take part in adult meetings and events. Discussion Although aboriginal children were the key source of pride for the community and the most crucial gift from God, the children and the wider aboriginal societ y have faced a drastic challenge in the modern society. Numerous statistical evidence reveal that two out of eight aboriginal children are living in absolute poverty; therefore, this calls for state and provincial administrations to implements some actions to improve the chances of living of the aboriginal children un urban regions and reserves. ... Regrettably, Canadian antiquity with regard to the Native community consideration is something people cannot appreciate. French and British cultural and racial autonomy attitudes lead to marginalization and oppression of Aboriginal culture and morals. As a community, Native people are loaded with historical attitudes and acts that lead to their reputation and cultural erosion, intimidating their values and dialects, and marginalizing their spiritual practices. It is clear that the effects of such actions interrupted, restricted and ruined the status and reputation of the children by deprivation of Aboriginal historical land, displacement of the community and certain Indian Act requirements, (Francis, 1992). I think that the impacts of these actions led to the eradication of the educational, economic, and socio-political systems if the community (Aboriginal community). Aboriginal children of Canada have experience various injustices since the invasion of European. Before the arrival o f European colonizers, Aboriginal children learned through observation and apprenticeship and were morally cultured through this learning method. However, missionaries and other colonialists did not approve the traditional methods of Aboriginal education, (Francis, 1992). Similarly, in an attempt to subdue and dominate the land and the natives, they forced Aboriginal children to participate in Western system of education that involved daily attendance of residential schools leading to substantial conflict between Western and Native educational practices. Experts agree before colonizers arrival, Aboriginal societies had their own systems of

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Conflict Between Reality and Illusion as a Major Theme of ‘the Glass Menagerie’ Essay Example for Free

Conflict Between Reality and Illusion as a Major Theme of ‘the Glass Menagerie’ Essay Over the past century discoveries in physics have revealed a whole new paradigm for life one that you can apply to your life right now to get extraordinary insights, intuitions and results. I believe knowing these principles is crucial for your ability to be ‘tapped in’ to the unseen world that surrounds you. To me quantum physics has always interested me. Since a child, I wanted to know what this world was about, and if I could go deep into understanding the nature of matter that makes up our world, and know what is it made of, then I could understand my own essence and the purpose of life itself. So I set off on an exploration into the area of science known as quantum physics. It is the branch of science that explores the universe at the very tiniest and the very largest of scales. What I found was science is really the new religion. For instance, no one has ever seen an atom even though scientists tell us that’s what all things are made of. Since we cannot see an atom, then we have to accept it from the scientific community based on faith. To me, when you involve faith, even an experimentally confirmed version, you also imply a new religion in a sense. In the past, the masses of people got their meaning of life from religious teachers who taught well-understood spiritual laws. The teachers of religion along with ancient myth tellers were the storytellers giving people the ultimate truth of reality. At some point in history, religion became political and was used more for state control of the masses rather than for providing the truth of reality. When Science was discovered all that changed. Over the past 300 years or so science has made an attempt to start from scratch and rebuild what is true. From Galileo to Darwin these rebels sought the truth yet paid the price for going against the inherent worldview. Inspired by these great leaders more and more people joined the scientific exploration for truth, which led to the forming of institutions and organizations. As with any good intention, when it becomes institutionalized, it can lose sight of it’s main objective and eventually become biased as well. In this case, our modern scientists have focused on what can be seen in the material world and have forgotten or downright ignored other unseen forces such as mind or consciousness as factors in the laws of nature. Most scientists have bought into a materialistic and lifeless universe. Even though there is evidence to the contrary, modern scientists do not want to acknowledge such a paradigm – despite what quantum physics shows. This may be because, if scientists go against the inherent worldview, they create the real potential of losing their reputation along with their university-funded careers, which has been know to happen all too often. Only a handful of open-minded scientists, who are willing to put their reputations and careers on the line, have pursued the truth of reality in spite of the consequences. â€Å"At present, of all the stories, it is the scientific ones that most define us,† writes Lynne Mctaggart, author of her book entitled â€Å"The Field†. She continues, â€Å"Our current scientific story is more than three hundred years old, a construction largely based on the discoveries by Isaac Newton – a universe in which all matter moves within three-dimensional space and time according to certain fixed laws. The Newtonian vision describes a reliable place inhabited by well-behaved and easily identifiable matter. The worldview arising from these discoveries is also bolstered by the philosophical implications of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, with its suggestion that survival is available only to the genetically rugged individual. These, in their essence, are stories that idealize separateness. From the moment we are born, we are told that for every winner there must be a loser. From that constricted vision we have fashioned our world. † The current scientific worldview is simple: We are all separate beings being influenced by random events, surviving from cradle to grave, and that’s pretty much it. There is no before life or after life for us. This reality is all we have, and it is based on random, or cause and affect relationships along an ongoing flow of time. â€Å"Although we perceive science as an ultimate truth, science is finally just a story, told in installments† writes Mctaggart. But the latest installment is quantum physics, which reveals a whole different paradigm. We are all not separate but rather interconnected – called non-local entanglement by these physicists. Unfortunately, quantum physics is considered an anomaly in the scientific community. Because it is such a variant to long held beliefs, most scientists have not incorporated these new-found principles into their respective areas of science let alone their own personal lives. If they did, we would have an updated version of biology, physiology, geology, medicine, psychology, sociology and even theology. We would have a whole new paradigm for life, thus impacting our worldview in every way. Instead, these principles stay isolated into the lonely branch of physics that explores the very tiniest of particles. This whole new view of life would say we are not separate at all, not from each other, not from the solar system we are part of, or the universe we belong to. We are all interconnected at the most fundamental aspect of our nature. We may appear as physical things, but we are more than that, we are processes intimately connected to our environment and to each other. Without awareness of these principles, things look random in our lives, but according to quantum physics they are not. If you would like to learn more about the principles of quantum physics and how to apply them to your life, then you may want to enquire about our monthly gatherings we have in Richmond Hill. This group aims to be the leading think tank for gathering answers to life’s most interesting questions, from the meaning of your life, to exploring hidden forces that heal the body and mind, to discovering answers to the riddles of ancient civilizations. Each gathering will be a special event consisting of a professional presentation followed by a short discussion on various topics of interest in order to explore the answers to life’s mysteries, learn the underlying unseen laws governing your everyday existence, and how to apply this wisdom to transform your life. Each event will enhance your sense of wonder and appreciation for you and the world in which you live. No previous knowledge is necessary and everyone is welcome.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Nuclear Waste Essay -- Environment Pollution Papers

Nuclear Waste Australia is a major player in the grand scheme of the world’s energy needs. Its large land mass and geologic history has provided it with an extensive list of mineral resources. Australia, therefore, since the initial gold rushes of the 1850’s, has come to depend heavily on the mining industry. In particular, the discovery in the 1950’s of uranium and new coal deposits created a wave of mining that to present has proven to be quite profitable for the country’s economy.[1] Australia is unique in that it is the world’s second largest producer and exporter of uranium,[2] and â€Å"the world’s largest coal exporter.†[3] It comes as no surprise, therefore, that current energy issues regarding waste products hits close to home for Australia. However, Australia’s contributions to and use of fossil fuel and nuclear energy are all very different. The Kyoto Protocol of 1997 has enabled Australia to assume a role that not only contributes to the efforts of emissions reductions, but also allows it to continue its economic benefits of coal mining. Solutions to and decisions about nuclear waste management, on the other hand, are much more difficult to come to. While Australia’s future in the coal industry will depend greatly on the results of the Kyoto Protocol, the future of nuclear waste management may eventually greatly depend on Australia. History of Mining and Nuclear Policy Due to its large production of coal, Australia has come to rely heavily on fossil fuels as its primary source of energy.[4] While it might seem appropriate that nuclear energy be another significant source, since uranium is a significant component of the fuel used to run nuclear reactors, this is not actually the case. Au... ... Zwaan, op cit. [20] Langer, â€Å"Nuclear waste management and the earth sciences† [21] â€Å"Nuclear Electricity, Sixth Edition, August 2000† [22] Ibid. [23] Holland, op cit. [24] Ibid. [25] Nuclear Waste Storage (Prohibition) Act 1999, in Holland, op cit. [26] Parliamentary Debates, Senate 26 August 1999 in Holland, op cit. [27] Prime Minister Howard in Holland, op cit. [28] Holland, op cit. [29] van der Zwaan, op cit. [30] â€Å"Nuclear Electricity, Sixth Edition, August 2000† [31] Holland, op cit. [32] â€Å"Nuclear Electricity, Sixth Edition, August 2000† [33] Langer, op cit. [34] Holland, op cit. [35] â€Å"Nuclear Electricity, Sixth Edition, August 2000† [36] Holland, op cit. [37] Ibid. [38] Senator Minchin in Holland, op cit. [39] van der Zwaan, op cit. [40] Ibid. [41] ENST 309 Lecture Notes. [42] Beardow, op cit.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Green Building And Zero Energy Trends Environmental Sciences Essay

As we move into the twenty-first Century, new and unplanned fortunes are get downing to determine our lives, our architecture and our metropoliss. It is going clear that the impact we ‘re making on our milieus is holding an consequence on the well being of our planet and its ecosystems every bit good as our populations, motivating us to eventually take action towards a better hereafter. Global heating and it ‘s formidable menaces have scared us and given corporations incentive to market its relinquishing, which at times is identical as to whether or non these are honest efforts or merely catchs. Similarly, the statement on whether or non we are in at hand danger is merely as controversial. The follow up to this reaction has been an overpoweringly undisputed motion toward eco-friendly tactics in a figure of professions including concern, medical specialty and architecture, merely to call a few. However, in the terminal all of this predication breeds the coevals of new type s, coercing us to re-think the manner that we live. For architecture, these creative activities come in the signifier of zero-energy and green edifices. Zero-energy edifices ( ZEB ) are edifices that use zero-net-energy ingestion and breathe zero-carbon emanations. They are convenient in that they can be used autonomously from the energy grid supply and energy can be harvested on-site. Although these edifices are province of the art, there is a trade off between pecuniary cost and the benefit that they offer. Green edifices should non be confused with zero-energy edifices, nor are they reciprocally sole from being zero-energy. Green edifices by and large differ from zero energy edifices in that they engage in the pattern of making constructions and utilizing procedures that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a edifice ‘s life-cycle. In theory, it should stay consistent to its purpose throughout the full edifice procedure from design, building, operation, care, redevelopment, and deconstruction. In both instances, the purpose is to spread out and complement the classical edifice design concerns of economic system, public-service corporation, lastingness, and comfort. Green edifices have been in conceptualisation for old ages now, dating back to the motion ‘s head in the 1960 ‘s when Rachel Carson wrote soundless spring and DEET was outlawed. However, the development of modern zero-energy edifices merely became possible more late, non merely through the advancement made in new building engineerings and techniques, but through significantly improved academic research on traditional and experimental edifices that collect precise energy public presentation informations. Such edifices are developed utilizing advanced computing machine theoretical accounts that can demo the efficaciousness of technology design determinations. Subjectively, energy usage can be measured in different ways ( associating to cost, energy, or C emanations ) and, irrespective of the definition used ; different positions are taken on the comparative importance of energy crop and energy preservation to accomplish a net energy balance. Although zero energy edifices re main uncommon in developed states, they are deriving in importance and popularity merely because the zero-energy attack has possible to cut down C emanations, and cut down dependance on fossil fuels. It is besides of import to observe that most ( ZEB ) definitions do non include the emanations generated in the building of the edifice and the corporal energy of the construction. This means that in many instances so much energy is used in the building of a new edifice that this can shadow the operational energy nest eggs over its utile life. A coincident illustration of such architecture is zero energy ( from dodo fuel ) house no.1 by zoka Zola architecture + urban design. This house is built on a dual batch and is situated 3 stat mis west of the Chicago Loop. The designers dedicated themselves to merely utilize energy generated on site and saw their edifice as a accelerator that would hopefully be an inspiration to other householders and developers in urban environments. A batch of the discrepancy and control throughout the house is done through the operation of its operable Windowss. In the summer, the Windowss allow cross airing and in the winter, warm sunshine inundations the shoal suites through big south-facing Windowss. These Windowss besides provide a battalion of positions to the out-of-doorss. The clients of this house had a passion for gardening so in add-on to building an urban single-family place that is ecological, socially regenerative, and self-sustaining the designers besides incorporated multiple gardens including a few roof deck gardens. The accessible green roofs promote bio-diversity and absorb H2O overflow, while insulating the inside and protecting the roof from thermic daze and extremist violet impairment. They divided the house into four zones. Bathrooms are stacked and ventilated as an stray country of higher wet and heat. The kitchen is ventilated as an stray country of higher wet, heat, and olfactory property. The life and dining infinites are located on the west side of the edifice where 1 can bask the last beams of the eventide Sun after work. The degage Multi-Use infinite is employed as portion of the garden and is on occasion heated and cooled. These tendencies are surely non sole to individual edifices. In the development of its popularity, zero-energy edifice has had its influence on the development of territory programs. An illustration of such a edifice site would be Beddington Zero Energy Development ( BedZED ) . BedZED is a lodging development in Hackbridge, London, England designed to back up a more sustainable life style. Because of BedZED ‘s low-energy-emission construct, autos are discouraged and alternatively the undertaking encourages public conveyance, cycling, and walking, and has limited parking infinite. Electric and liquefied-petroleum-gas autos have precedence over autos that burn gasoline and Diesel, and electricity is provided in parking infinites for bear downing electric autos. All of the houses on the site face to the South and come equipped with roof top solar panels, 777 mA? of solar panels entire, to take advantage of the increased solar addition from that way. The energy that is so harvested is either used throughout the abode or fed back into the grid. Most of the rain H2O that falls onto BedZED ‘s site is harvested for a ulterior day of the month and in add-on, contraptions are chosen to be water-efficient and utilize recycled H2O when possible. BedZED besides uses green constructing schemes like utilizing low-impact stuffs ( LIM ) . LIM stuffs on this site were selected from renewable or recycled beginnings within 35 stat mis of the site, to minimise the energy required for transit. Finally, BedZED is host to legion waste recycling installations that are designed to back up recycling. The consequences that BedZED put forth old ages after execution are amazing. The development efficaciously reduced space-heating demands by 88 % , hot-water ingestion by 57 % , The electrical power used was 25 % less than the UK norm, 11 % of which was produced by the roof-top solar panels, Mains-water ingestion has been reduced by 50 % and the occupants ‘ auto milage is 65 % less on norm. These are all startlingly dramatic consequences toward efficiency, but when it comes down to it BedZED was nil more than norm when the sum nursery gasses emitted throughout building were calculated. The consequences showed that the corporal environmental impacts of BedZED ‘s building stuffs were similar to standard UK lodging. The entire corporal CO2 of BedZED is 675kg/m2, while the typical volume house embodies 600-800kg/m2. So, as one can see there are tremendous advantages to the finished merchandise in respects to zero-energy edifice, but it seems as though the existent problem is c aused by the outsourced agencies of edifice. While edifices have been a first measure for green and zero-energy tendencies and territory communities have acted as proving evidences for larger execution, there have n't been any stairss toward developing wholly zero-energy C impersonal green metropoliss until merely late. The name of the undertaking is Masdar metropolis and it ‘s planned to be located in Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates. Its nucleus is a planned metropolis, which is being built by the Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company, a subordinate of Mubadala Development Company, with the bulk of the capital provided by the authorities of Abu Dhabi. Designed by the British architectural house Foster + Partners, the metropolis is planned rely wholly on solar energy and other renewable energy beginnings, with a sustainable, zero-carbon, zero-waste ecology. The undertaking was initiated in 2006 and was planned to be finished in 2009. The entire production cost will be 22 billion dollars and will cover 2.3 square stat mis will be home to 45,000 to 50,000 people and 1,500 concerns, chiefly commercial and fabricating installations specialising in environmentally-friendly merchandises. Even though the metropolis will be resident to about 50,000 people, it still holds a prohibition on cars within the metropolis. Travel will be accomplished via public mass theodolite and personal rapid theodolite systems, with bing route and railroads linking to other locations outside the metropolis. Masdar is set to utilize a assortment of renewable power resources, among the first being a 40 to 60 megawatt solar power works which will provide power for all other building activity. In this manner, Masdar metropolis is a monolithic betterment from BedZED in that it has thought through a more eco-friendly agencies of building throughout the whole metropolis. Masdar ‘s solar power works will subsequently be followed by a larger installation and like BedZED ; extra photovoltaic faculties will be placed on rooftops to supply auxiliary solar energy to the metropolis. Wind farms will be established all around the outside the metropolis ‘s margin, capable of bring forthing up t o 20 megawatts. The H2O supply has been planned out merely as exhaustively. How it works is the metropolis will house a solar-powered desalinization works which will be used to supply the metropolis ‘s with clean imbibing H2O. Approximately 80A per centum of the H2O used will be recycled and waste H2O will be reused every bit much as is possible with this greywater being used for harvest irrigation and other intents. Similarly to BedZED Masdar metropolis besides has a focal point on waste recycling. The program is to utilize biological waste to make nutrient-rich dirt and fertiliser. Some waste will be utilized through incineration as an extra power beginning and industrial waste will be recycled or re-purposed for other utilizations. If all of this is n't singular plenty, Masdar will be host to several province of the art academic installations focused on the promotion of renewable energy techniques. The first of these establishments to open is the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology. Developed in cooperation with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) , the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology is a post-graduate university focused on the scientific discipline and technology of advanced renewable energy, environmental engineerings and sustainability. First opened to pupils in September 2009, by 2011 the institute will offer 10 Masters plans and its first PhD plans in renewable energies and sustainable engineerings. These academic inducements are hoped to promote an environment that will further the following coevals of scientific finds. A more recent part to the development of zero-energy metropoliss is Zira Island. Designed by the Danish house of Bjarke Ingels Group ( BIG ) has merely released inside informations of their maestro program for a zero energy resort and amusement metropolis on Zira Island, which is located within the bay of Baku, Azerbaijan. Unlike Masdar metropolis, Zira Island attempts to let the signifier of its man-made landscape to use the aggregation of energy. The program calls for approximately 10.8 million square pess of architectural landscape based on the natural landscape of Azerbaijan.A Zira Island is set to have seven residential developments, each in the form of one of seven extremums of Azerbaijan, and 300 private Villas with positions over the Caspian Sea.A The metropolis is designed to be wholly independent of external resources and to supply, â€Å" high terminal populating with low terminal ingestion of resources. † All of this is expected to be accomplished by using the Casp ian Sea for heating/cooling with heat pumps, puting photovoltaic panels strategically on frontages and rooftops, incorporating solar thermic panels into the architecture, garnering air current power from an offshore air current farm and eventually through waste and storm H2O aggregation, intervention, and reuse in landscaping. The methods are really similar to Masdar metropolis, except the integrating of the systems into the manufactured landscape is much more cohesive in this design. However, one must maintain in head that this metropolis ‘s design is still really conventional at this point.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Discuss with reference to two other poems Essay

Crossing the Bar’ contains the most powerful presentation of death in the anthology. To what extent do you agree? Discuss with reference to two other poems in the collection – Tennyson question Tennyson presents death in different ways in ‘Crossing the Bar’, ‘Break break break’ and ‘Morte D’Arthur’. Each presentation is powerful however; it is difficult to decide whether ‘Crossing the Bar’ contains the most powerful presentation because it depends on what type of death the reader finds the most significant. If it is the death of one’s own life, then ‘Crossing the Bar’ might seem more powerful because it is a representation of Tennyson’s complacency with his own death. But, if the death of a friend relates more to the reader’s personal experience, death in ‘Morte D’Arthur’ could be more meaningful and powerful. To some extent I do not agree that ‘Crossing the Bar’ contains the most powerful presentation of death in the anthology. Both ‘Crossing the Bar’ and ‘Break break break’ use imagery of the sea to convey different meanings. In ‘Crossing the Bar’, the sea represents the world the speaker will transgress into after death. ‘And may there be no moaning of the bar, when I put out to sea’. Tennyson uses the metaphor of the sandbar to describe the barrier between life and death. One side of the sandbar is life and the sea on the other side is death. This is a powerful representation because Tennyson sets out a distinction between the two worlds clearly, suggesting that death should be embraced because it’s now peaceful and natural. ‘And may there be no sadness of farewell, when I embark’. This is in contrast to the normal response of death, which is indicated in ‘Break break break’. In ‘Break break break’ the speaker displays feelings of anguish and pain, this is shown in the title. The repetition of the word ‘break’ emphasises the onomatopoeic sound of a heart breaking. It could also be interpreted as waves breaking on the rocks. ‘Break break break at the foot of thy crags, O sea! ’ This quote describes how life progresses in an endless cycle even in the event of the death. The effect of the ‘O’ and exclamation mark at the end punctuates the speaker’s frustration that life still continues to go on. The speaker takes on a tone of bitterness that the world is not morning with him. ‘O, well for the sailor lad, that he sings in his boat on the bay! ’ In contrast, the use of an exclamation mark in ‘Crossing the bar’ demonstrates the speaker’s excitement of death instead of feelings of enragement. ‘Sunset and evening star, And one clear call for me! ’ This shows how the speaker is compliant of death because it is their own life and they are ready, however in ‘Break break break’ the speaker is demoralised because death has taken their friend without warning. ‘Crossing the Bar’ and ‘Break break break’ both present death powerfully, however ‘Break break break’ may appear more powerful because it uses an expression of grief caused by loss and uses intense emotions, like anguish. Then again, to some extent I do agree that ‘Crossing the Bar’ contains the most powerful presentation of death in the anthology, especially in comparison with ‘Morte D’Arthur’. A similarity between ‘Crossing the Bar’ and ‘Morte D’Arthur’ is that they both discuss religion and relate them to death. King Arthur’s death in ‘Morte D’Arthur’ can be seen as an allegory for the loss of honour and chivalry in an increasingly materialistic age. ‘And the days darken around me, and the years, among new men, strange faces, other minds’. Arthur and his knights at the round table can be interpreted as Jesus and his disciples. ‘But now the whole round table has dissolved, which was an image of a mighty world. ’ The presentation of death here appears powerful because it is the removal of a higher authority, which has followers and believers just like religion. If a God is removed, then the religion will fall apart because it no longer has a leader. This makes the death of Arthur seem even more significant because it represents the collapse of civilisation. ‘Ah! My Lord Arthur, whither shall I go? ’ However, ‘Crossing the Bar’ uses religious connotations such as ‘crossing’ to describe the speaker’s journey into the next world or crossing into faith and devotion. Tennyson complements this metaphorical link with a spiritual one as he hopes he will see his ‘Pilot face to face’. This can also be interpreted as Tennyson hopes to see Hallam in the Pilot, however it is more likely that Tennyson is discussing a Christian God. This is because seeing God face to face is a biblical theme and the transition from life to death in Christianity allows people to join God in heaven, which is beyond ‘Time and Place’. The presentation of death in ‘Crossing the Bar’ may appear the most powerful because unlike ‘Morte D’Arthur’, death becomes an end that is not confusing. In ‘Morte D’Arthur’ Arthur goes to Avilion, which could be a metaphor for heaven. However, he leaves behind a disorientated world with a lack of guidance. In comparison, the bar in ‘Crossing the Bar’ is also a metaphor for heaven, but the crossing is far more peaceful and conclusive. To conclude, I believe that ‘Crossing the Bar’ contains the most powerful presentation of death because in contrast to ‘Break break break’ Tennyson is conclusive – he is being valiant about his own deaf or has come to terms with the grief of his friend and is ready to be reunited with him. ‘And may there be no moaning of the bar’. Even the structure of the poem can represent the shortness of life. By having fewer words, they can hold more control and capture the attention of the reader. In contrast, ‘Morte D’Arthur’ is longer and this makes the presentation of death less powerful because the meaning may be lost as the poem is read.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Taking Online College Courses to Earn a Degree

Taking Online College Courses to Earn a Degree Online college courses can help you earn a degree, improve your resume, or develop a new skill just for fun. If you’re  interested in starting online college courses, this article will help you get started. Taking Online College Courses That Lead to a Degree A growing number of students are taking online college courses to earn their degrees. Some students earn entire degrees online, some transfer traditional college credits to an online program, and some transfer credits from their online college courses to a traditional school. Online college courses are convenient and many can be taken asynchronously, making it possible to be enrolled in a course and engaged in discussions even though you do not need to log on to a website at a specific time. Online college courses in thought-heavy topics (such as English, humanities, math, etc.) tend to be more common than online college courses covering action-specific subjects. If you are interested in taking online college courses that lead to a degree, make sure that the school you’re choosing is properly accredited. Keep in mind that many traditional and online colleges do not easily accept credit transfers. If your plan includes transferring schools at some point, talk to counselors at both schools to make sure that your online college course credits will be approved.   Taking Online College Courses for Professional Development Even if you don’t want to earn an entire degree through the internet, you can take online college courses to improve your resume and develop skills that are valued in the workplace. You may choose to take online college courses ala carte. Or, you may enroll in an online professional development program. Many programs like the  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Stanford Center for Professional Development allow students to take a sequence of shorter online college courses leading to a professional certificate in a subject like project management, computer security, information technology, or sustainable energy. Check with your workplace or experts in your field to see how a particular online college course will be received in your industry. For example, some computer certification courses that are highly coveted for secretarial work would be considered unnecessary for those employed in a managerial position. Many students are able to take online college courses for free by asking their employers to cover the cost of their tuition. Tuition reimbursement programs are designed for employees that complete coursework or earn degrees related to their position or a position they may qualify for. Even if your employer doesn’t have a formal tuition assistance program in place, he or she may be willing to work with you to subsidize coursework that will help you do better at your job. Taking Online College Courses for Personal Enrichment Online college courses aren’t all about profit and degrees. Many students enroll in online college courses just to learn a skill they are interested in or explore a subject they are curious about. Some schools will allow students to take a class pass/fail so that students do not need to concern themselves with receiving grades. As an alternative to taking online college courses through formal enrollment, you may want to explore many of the free online classes that are now available. Dozens of traditional colleges make their course lectures, assignments, and reading guides openly available to the public as open courseware. By taking free online college courses, you won’t have access to an instructor to help you through the content. Nor will you receive graded feedback. However, you will be able to work at your own pace and learn without paying a dime. There is coursework available on just about every subject, from math to anthropology. Another option is to take advantage of the many free online courses offered outside of the education system altogether. While these aren’t technically â€Å"college† classes, many independent organizations and individuals offer in-depth instruction on a wide variety of topics. For example, Khan Academy provides down-to-earth video lectures on dozens of math topics. Many virtual learners have found these resources easier to understand more than when taking many traditional courses.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

How to Use Mood and Atmosphere in Your Novel - Freewrite Store

How to Use Mood and Atmosphere in Your Novel - Freewrite Store ï » ¿The mood, or atmosphere, of your novel, is one of the things that makes your story stick in your readers’ minds long after they’ve turned the last page. Think about some of your favorite novels - what is it that you remember most? For me, the stormy atmosphere of my favorite novel, Wuthering Heights, is the first thing that comes to mind. Emily Bronte managed to create a mood in the novel that I really related to during my turbulent teenage years. As I’m writing this, I’m listening to the angry crashing of thunder and the pouring torrential rain, listening to children screaming as they run inside - what a perfect reminder of how nature creates atmosphere without any effort at all! The Power of Your Setting for Atmosphere There’s a variety of factors that go into creating mood and atmosphere in fiction. Your setting - including details like the weather and climate - can be a great starting point for conveying a mood. In Wuthering Heights, for example, the windswept moors of the Yorkshire Dales created the perfect backdrop for the atmosphere of the story. It’s the setting that allows you to introduce details that create the mood. The kinds of details that you can use for conveying the atmosphere against the backdrop of your story include smells, sounds, and sights. For example, you could create a gothic mood by using details that describe the decay of an abandoned house - cobwebs in the corners, rust on the bars on the windows, clouds of dust, and so on. Using Mood Words As a beginning writer, when I first came across the term ‘mood words’, I thought it referred to a list of moods (e.g. happy, depressed, angry, despondent, etc.). I was wrong. Mood words are broadly defined as descriptive verbs and adjectives that add an extra dimension to non-descript actions. For example, consider the difference between these sentences: Adelaide walked towards the door. Adelaide tiptoed towards the door. Walking is non-descript. We all do it, and without any kind of descriptors about howa character is walking, there’s no sense of mood or atmosphere. To tiptoe, however, is to walk in a particular way - to avoid being heard or to avoid disturbing someone. Overall, tiptoeing creates a sense of stealth and can be used to convey an atmosphere of tension or caution. Mood words are incredibly useful when you’re trying to convey an atmosphere. It can be helpful to have a list of mood words for particular types of scenes that you can easily refer back to. Here’s an example to get you started: Eerie Mood Words: Creaking Rattling Thumping Scuttling (as in a mouse scuttling) Whistling (as in the wind whistling) Cracking (as in a twig cracking) Show, Don’t Tell The easiest way to create a mood is to tell the reader what the mood is, right? Wrong. Which of these two passages is more engaging and captivating in its description of mood?: Rebecca felt happy that the interview had gone well. She was excited to hear back from the manager. Rebecca walked sedately out of the building, but as soon as she was out of sight of the reception desk, she almost danced across the road to where Dom was waiting for her. A bubbling laugh escaped her lips as she ran to him and threw her arms around his neck. â€Å"I think I’ve got it!† she almost shouted. â€Å"Oh, Dom, you should’ve seen me in there!† You should always avoid telling your readers something when you can show them through your characters actions and speech. The second passage conveys the excitement in a way that makes the reader feel part of the scene - simply telling the reader that your character is excited isn’t going to create an atmosphere of excitement. Word Choices The words that you use to describe a scene or setting can have a powerful impact on the kind of mood you create. When I was studying for my Creative Writing degree, my tutor set an assignment that I thought I’d suck at, but I actually found that I enjoyed it. We were given a setting - a simple backyard - but told to describe it in three different ways, conveying a different atmosphere each time. This is how it turned out: Scene 1: Shadows played across the yard like a shroud. Long grass, unkempt and almost knee-high, danced in the breeze. A child’s bicycle, long abandoned, lay in the shadow of a withered oak tree. Sunlight blazing off the sash windows of the house made it impossible for Derrick to see whether Susan was inside. Scene 2 Alstroemeria bloomed in the bright-blue planter pressed up against the side of the front porch. Danny’s bike was, yet again, abandoned in the middle of the lawn at the foot of the old oak. Excited giggles drifted down from the treehouse as the boys quickly hauled the ladder up. â€Å"Is your Mom home?† Derrick called out to the boys, shading his eyes against the glare of the sun. Scene 3 There were some signs that this had once been a happy home - the rusty bicycle below the oak tree, and the partially-collapsed remains of a treehouse. There had once been a lawn, but now it was just a scorched black scar in front of the dilapidated house. Derrick dug the toe of his boot into the dirt and sighed. It had been fifteen years, but if he breathed in deeply enough, it was almost as if he could still smell the smoke of the fire. The words that you choose to describe anything in your novel have the power to convey very different moods. You have to be careful about the vocabulary that you choose, to ensure that every word matches up with the mood you’re wanting to portray. Descriptions are a lot like paintings. The details that you show to your reader come together to create an overall picture - and if you use details that don’t fit the mood, they’ll be jarring to your readers. Putting What You’ve Learned Into Practice Actually practicing using mood and atmosphere in your novel is the best way to get better at it. I’ve put together some exercises to help you get started. Imagine you’re writing a ghost story. Which of these two settings would provide the best backdrop for your story?: A cabin on the beach on the island of Barbados in summer An isolated cabin in a remote part of the Scottish highlands in winter (where there are only a few hours of daylight each day) Imagine you’re writing a story about a marriage breakdown. How would these different settings change the mood of the story?: The kitchen during the morning rush to get the kids to school A seating area outside a cafe close to where there’s a group of protestors shouting and waving placards A clifftop as your characters are participating in a walk for charity Create a mood word list for each of the following atmospheres: Spooky Tense Despairing Excited Joyful Find a scene in a novel (yours, or one you’re reading) where there’s more telling than there is showing. Re-write the scene in a way that conveys a mood without using the actual word. Describe a house and garden in three separate scenes, creating a different atmosphere in each.

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Social Work Mental Health Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Social Work Mental Health - Literature review Example Social workers themselves can, in turn, influence people to raise their own levels of self confidence through the positive work that they do, as well as the quality services that they provide (Gray & Schubert 2010). The degree of expertise that a social worker has, and the skill sets that they come into the position with, largely depends on the quality of the training that they have received. With this in mind, it can be said that social workers need to be trained to take it upon themselves to improve their own effectiveness in work with individuals that have a mental illness, all in an effort to perform the various job functions assigned to them with excellence. To accomplish this objective will require possessing the ability to manage a complex discipline, in addition to the challenging situations that arise on a daily basis, in order to provide maximum benefit to both the individual and to society as a whole. The focus of the following literature review is to provide the reader wi th a cursory overview of the function that social workers play within the treatment of mentally ill individuals, as well as a critical analysis of two health models that more effectively cover this topic in depth (Bogg 2014). Recent trends indicate that social workers can literally transform the lives of people that have a mental health condition. This demonstrates their significance in modern society (Allen 2014). This is accomplished through their ability to improve the quality of services provided to people that have a mental illness and through the dedication exhibited by social workers, as they are the very professionals trained and this field and possess the capability to truly make a difference in this discipline. It should be mentioned, as well, that the field of mental health is a ripe area for the practice of social work, and within this context such individuals are well positioned to impact society in a positive manner. Social workers do provide

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Supply Chain and Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Supply Chain and Operations Management - Essay Example Few businesses understood the entire chain of activities but where inadequately managed which ultimately delivered products to the final customers. Although the activities were brought to fulfilment, often the supply chains were ineffectively led. Supply chain management can thus be explained as the active management of activities related to supply chain in order maximise the value of the customer, thereby achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. Supply chain activities range from product development, production, sourcing to logistics (Ketchen and Giunpero, 2004). The organizations that form the supply chain are closely linked together through information flows and physical flows. Physical flow is characterized by the movement, storage and transformation of materials and goods. Information flows allow the various supply chain associates to coordinate their long term plans as well as control their daily flow of materials and goods up and down the supply chain. However, simple as it may seem, supply chain management is associated with a certain degree of complexity and with complexity comes the risk factor (Halley and Beaulieu, 2009). This topic forms the basis for this research. The following sections will involve a thorough analysis of the main characteristics of material requirements planning (MRP) and Just-in-time (JIT). Advantages and disadvantages of JIT and MRP will be stated and a detailed comparison will be done. Thereafter, the risks associated with the supply chain management will be discussed in details, followed by the ways that can be implemented in order to mitigate such risks. Finally, an overall conclusion will be provided. Discussion Supply Chain Management in Toyota Supply chain management at Toyota Motor Corporation is a constituent of the company’s operations strategy which is systematically based on the Toyota Production Systems (TPS). The supply chain management framework was developed in the 1940s by Taiichi Ohno and Shigeo Sh ingo. With the company’s success becoming attaining a worldwide coverage, the Toyota Production System was followed by other companies with keen interest. The principle idea that was followed in the company’s production system is expressed by the term ‘lean manufacturing’. The components of Toyota’s supplier partnering hierarchy are interlocking structures, mutual understanding and trust, control systems, information sharing, compatible capabilities, kaizen and learning and joint improvement activities. The Toyota production system thoroughly impotents implements the Just in Time Strategy (JIT) which is a system that arranges the resources, information flows and decision rules in such a way that it enables a firm to realise the benefits of implementing such a system. JIT is a business viewpoint for maintaining a competitive advantage which is based on the idea of incessant development and eradication of waste. This system helps to carry out work thr ough various operations by signals (called Kanban). The components of just in time system are very proactive as far as exposing problems within a company’s supply chain management framework is concerned. The components play a crucial role in reducing the problems thereby formulating an even sound supply chain management strategy. The components are based on the principles of pull production which based in Kanban, total quality management, reducing inventory by involving the suppliers in the planning process, elimination of waste, continuous