Study guide answer exam

Keep in mind that I am looking at your exam questions while writing the study guide. Be sure you know what the terms are, how they have been researched, and describe your answers In your own words. I decided to limit your test to the first three chapters. You can do quite well focusing on the material below. Enjoy! Why is drug withdrawal a painful experience for addicts? Using drugs puts an excess amount of neurotransmitters in the body.When there is an overflow the brain stops making it naturally and when the drug wears off it takes mime for the brain to star making the chemical once again on its own system. Some neurotransmitters are dopamine, serotonin, Acetylene's, Morphogenesis, Gamma- nonparametric acid, Endorphins. Endorphins are natural opiates. Brooch's area and Wrinkle's area in the brain and their responsibilities. B- speaking W-understanding What does It mean to be randomly assigned? The design of a study such that all subjects have an equal chance of being assigned to an y group or condition.What does it mean to be debriefed? A discussion of procedures, hypothesis. And subject reactions at the completion of the study. Explain what a correlation is and its mathematical representation. A correlation exists when 2 variables are related to each other. May be positive or negative depends on nature of the association between the variables measured. Correlation Indicates the 2 variables that change together In the opposite direction. Strength of correlation depends on size of coefficient.Be very clear about the difference between correlation and causation. What is responsible for carrying information from the central nervous system to tissue? What s an independent and dependent variable? What do we know about Alchemist's disease, schizophrenia and neurotransmitters? Alchemist's brains show to have low levels of ACH-Acetylene's. Schizophrenia is linked to excess levels of dopamine. What Is an agonies/antagonist and how do they work? Chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter.Antagonist *jiff]: Chemical that opposes the action of a neurotransmitter. Agonies works with the muscles, and the antagonist is the muscle working against it Know all of the various schools of psychology and their arguments. Structuralism was eased on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements related. Functionalism was based on the belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness, rather that it's structure.Natural selection inherited characteristics that provide a survival or reproductive advantage are more likely the alternative characteristics to be passed on to subsequent generations and thus come to be â€Å"selected† over time. Behaviorism is a theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior. Humanism is a theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualit ies of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth. What is research replication and why do it?The repetition of study to see whether the earlier results are duplicated. What were the Greek philosophers interested in discovering? Know our policies described on our syllabus well. Know the key points and messages of ALL of our video presentations; Know all of the research methods discussed in class along with their strengths and weaknesses. What is the magical responsible for? What comprises the limbic system, endocrine system, sympathetic nervous system, peripheral nervous system & central nervous system.Limbic systemic: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Hippopotamus, and the magical. Endocrine systemic>?k G: Group of glandless* that secrete†Z chemicals into the bloodstream that help control bodily function. Sympathetic nervous immobilizers the body resources for emergencies. Peripheral nervous all those nerves that lie outside the brain and spinal cord. Cent ral nervous G: Brain and spinal cord. How do neurons communicate? Axons and dendrites carry information to and from the cell body. Neurotransmitters send signals chemically between neurons.What is the placebo effect? According to ancient Greek civilizations, what is psychology? A definition for a topic of study. Psyche was used to refer to the soul, spirit, or mind, as distinguished from the Know all of your brain lobes, their location and their responsibilities. Frontal lobes: speaking, muscle movements, making plans, Judgments Parietal lobes: sensory area Occipital lobes: vision Temporal lobes: auditory In order to measure either a physical or mental construct, what criteria must the measure meet?Mean, median, mode they have been researched, and describe your answers in your own words. I decided material below. Learn a lot and earn an A. Enjoy! Why is drug withdrawal a painful experience for addicts (hint: What are the brains' natural opiates called)? Text & Lecture Your brain sto p produce dopamine†¦ Because the drug give too much†¦ And when you stop taking them. There are no dopamine left What does it mean to be randomly assigned? Text & Lecture Randomly select object or†¦.It can generalize the whole population that represent chi What does it mean to be debriefed? Text Ex: give you the different reason for certain study†¦ And tell you the truest after Explain what a correlation is and its mathematical representation. Text & Lecture Ex: something cause other things to happen†¦ A cause B†¦ Ex: not study cause bad grade†¦ Mathematical representation—positive +1 no correlation negative correlation -1 as the research close to O, that means it have no correlation What's the relationship between ice cream sales and pool drowning?Lecture Relation between this too is summer. Cause more sale in ice cream, the more people go swim and more people drowning. A- ice cream b-PDP C heat c cause A and B so more B=more What is an inde pendent and dependent variable? Text & Lecture Independent-music they listen dependent- how many world they memorize (amount that been measure) to Lecture Alchemies – schizophrenia-have ex dopamine or lack neurotransmitters (page 75)(he like to test drugs and what effect) What is an agonies/ antagonist and how do they work?Lecture Agonies- keep the reaction going antagonist-stop the reaction going (ex antagonist can stop the pain) Know all of the various schools of psychology and their arguments?structuralisms, Functionalists, Behaviorist's, etc. Lecture Structuralism- need name v†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ First school in German-take what you have experience and break down-(ex what make you anger) Functionalism- †¦. James – ex(why people drop out school†¦ ) stall-study the whole not parts of the brain he study dreams†¦ Hypnoses John Watson-more about behavior and something that can measure skinner-rewards and punishment

A Doll’s House: Characterization and Symbolism Essay

â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrik Ibsen is a play that incorporates the use of characterization and symbols to capture the audience’s attention to show ordinary life of a middle-class family. Social status is the most important characterization tool in A Doll’s House. Most every character is strictly bound into the roles that are placed on them by society. Nora must be the submissive housewife. Christine only knows how to be happy if she’s fulfilling the same role. She thrives on helping people. Torvald must be the dominant husband. Krogstad struggles against the undesirable perception the community has of him. It is when the characters struggle against these roles that the play’s main conflicts are revealed. As in most drama, the character’s actions also define them. Krogstad spends most of his time threatening and blackmailing, showing us what a foul sort of person he can be. Christine tries her best to help Nora throughout the play, which gives us an idea of her thoughtful nature. Then there’s Torvald. His actions paint him as overbearing and snobbish. He’s the classic egotistical husband. His little concessions to Nora show that he does love her in his way. Finally, we have Nora. Her doomed struggle to keep her secret is the central action that drives the play. Her dishonest methods tell us a lot about who she is as a character. We see what society has forced her to resort to in her desperation to help her husband. When we look for symbols in the play, the Christmas tree, a festive object meant to serve a decorative purpose, symbolizes Nora’s position in her household as a plaything who is pleasing to look at and adds charm to the home. There are several parallels drawn between Nora and the Christmas tree in the play. Just as Nora instructs the maid that the children cannot see the tree until it has been decorated, she tells Torvald that no one can see her in her dress until the evening of the dance. Torvald’s study is another symbol that represents the sanctuary of male dominance and decision-making. Males in the 19th Century dominate not only the home but also the workplace and this is prevalent through the play. With the use of characterization and symbolism, â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrik Ibsen points out the dirty little secrets about the middle-class and brings it to life.

Marketing Strategies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Marketing Strategies - Assignment Example However, by the year 2006, Bervet Beer Company had managed to establish itself among the most popular beer companies operating in the African region (Smit, 2009). Company Introduction The beer company’s main headquarters are found to be primarily based in Lusaka, Zambia where they are hosted in a large firm. The firm has grown to establish a myriad of structures and facilities in various regions around the world. Bervet Beer Company has managed to set up operations in about seven different countries that are seen to mainly be concentrated in the northwest. The Bervet Company currently owns three manufacturing facilities and an estimated more than twenty five different sales locations. Bervet Beer Company is widely considered to be the largest beer company operating in the northwest region of Africa. The company’s product offering is seen to include a wide range of various beer brands and services that help make it more attractive to the customers. The range of alcoholic drinks that are offered by the company are seen to include a number of beers, low content alcohol beer, wines as well as non-sugar beers. In addition to this, the company offers these drinks in a number of different sizes and packaging. The different sizes include disposable bottles, tins, litter returnable bottles as well as plastic bottles. Some of the more popularly known brands offered by the company include Kiboko, Kegi and Chura. Bervet Beer Company has managed to establish a number of programs and foundations that help it provide assistant in a number of beneficial services to the community. One of these services is seen to include the teaming up of the company with an NGO company called LGC with the aim of providing various health services to the community. Bervet Beer Company is also keen to engage in a number of various corporate initiatives that help to empower both women and girls across the entire African region by providing them with sufficient economic support. Berve t Beer Company also helps provide water and various sanitation services to different people across Africa who might not be in a position that enables them to access the critical sanitation services and water. To further its overall growth agenda, Bervet Beer Company is planning on targeting the European market. The company’s European market segment is seen to include various players such as the private sector, retailers, individual customers, the government as well as wholesalers. One of key strategies that will be employed by Bervet Beer Company to target customers in the European market will be for the company to have specific lines Europe. The company predicts that it will manage to achieve relatively very high sales figures due to the quality and large variety of beer product offering that is made by the company. Another key marketing strategy that will be employed by the company is that the company hopes to open more outlets as well as reduce the price of its beer in the European region. In its marketing strategy, Bervet is currently targeting lodges, bars and big restaurants as possible outlets for its products. Bervet Beer Company’s market plan is seen to aim to ensure that the company provides the best pricing, quantity and quality to its customers. If this plan is successfully executed, it will not only befit the

Why the Louisiana Never Recoverd From The Civil War Term Paper

Why the Louisiana Never Recoverd From The Civil War - Term Paper Example The aftermath of the Civil War was disastrous and eleven states out of the union were waiting to be readmissioned. The War had smashed the economy of the South and had drained the sources required for repairing the inflicted damage. The land was dotted with white refuges wandering in search of food and bare necessities of life. On the other hand, countless Blacks who were at last free were either running with their masters or running away from their masters towards the lines of the Union. The rest of the four million individuals were busy testing their newly acquired freedom. The aftershocks of United States civil war during the early 1960s were felt long after the incidence. It reshaped the very core of the social structure on which the society existed. The events and chaos of the civil war can be argued as major influences on the later outcomes that transformed this nation into what it reflects today. Although, the war struck all the states of the region, Louisiana being an important state in the southern region was affected severely in the hands of this massive turn of events. Its importance was due to its strategic location with a trade port. Orleans, a city of Louisiana was biggest in the southern region and provided with lots of manpower to the federal army to fight in the war.

E-Commerce in Project Integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

E-Commerce in Project Integration - Essay Example These applications use electronic communications systems and technology of internet (world wide web) and local area networks.1 These depend on computer and non computer technologies. The usage of non computer technologies can be speed up using the e commerce applications. For example the sales and transportation activities can be speeded up by timely communication using computer technologies. According to a survey the ecommerce business applications generated $12.3 billion sales in 2003. this sales is apart from the general sales. The concept of electronic commerce was not same as it was now when compared to 30 years back. The concept has changed with the change of technology. In the present day usage and the needs the e - commerce applications usually integrate various activities in the project management. 30 years back, the interchange of data and funds transfer used to be the meaning of e commerce. They included the transmission of purchase orders and invoices electronically. The process of integration is not present in the beginning. E - Commerce is combination of technology and business. The name itself will represent that combination. It can be defined as the set of processes that execute the business. The analysis of the information available also is part of e commerce. 20 years back, the initiation of credit cards and ATMs occurred. This increased the speed of transaction. After that the e commerce introduced the enterprise resource planning systems. These included data mining and ware housing of data. The increase of databases resulted in increasing the capacity of analysing by the e commerce applications. At present the e commerce includes a wide range of business activities. These activities include number of processes like e banking, offshore manufacturing and e logistics. The growth of the economies of the countries started to speed up when the industries in those countries used e commerce for the integration of their activities. The reason is that it speeded up the execution of transactions and deliver y and production of goods. In this paper the application and advantage of using e commerce for integrating the construction project management will be discussed. 2. E-Commerce in Construction Business Like any other business, the construction business involves the sales, purchase, cash and information transfer and transportation of goods. Along with the aforesaid topics, the process of tenders was also involved. All the above mentioned activities, transactions and processes involved in them can be speeded up by the integration using the e commerce applications. As the groceries are ordered online by customers, similarly the construction material also can be ordered online using e commerce applications. This is possible if the vendor of the construction material also have e commerce applications and using them. This entry of e commerce into number of sectors removed the barriers of selling in number of types of goods. This decreased the investment in establishment of showrooms for many small sized and big sized businesses and industries. As the usage of e commerce decrease the flow of customers to the showroom along with

Quality in Business Terms Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Quality in Business Terms - Research Paper Example Quality can be conditional, perpetual or subjective with respect to different businesses and different people. The concept quality is seen differently by different people and different businesses. Quality is also judged differently by different departments within the businesses (Reeves & Bednar, 1994). Quality is judged differently by customers of the business so the business also has to look at the customer’s perspective of perceiving quality. Like we can say the quality for the producer of the products is differently perceived and is measured based on the conformance of quality or may also be judged based on the degree to which the service or product has been produced in a correct way (Lee, Strong, Kahn & Wang, 2002). The report further dwells on the analysis of the term quality within the context of five aspects and has a conclusion based on the overall analysis. Quality in Business Terms In this competitive business world the term quality in terms of business can be define d as meeting the expectations and needs of the customers and consumers of the service and products. Quality in business is the relation between the business, its product, and customer. Through continuous assessment, analysis and by meeting all needs of the customer, process, business and its employees, this relationship is maintained. Quality may include several aspects in business terms but there is no specific definition in which quality can be defined. The term business is dynamic and cannot be summarized in the single area of working (Huxtable, 1994). Quality in business can be defined in various ways. One way is to define quality in terms of the relationship which business shares with its product and customers. The other way of defining quality in terms of business can be through customer’s perception of how they value the product. The human factor and process cannot be separated, thus, when a quality is built and provided in a product it generates attachment, feelings, and emotions within creator of the product. When this product brings smiles to customer’s face, then here quality is probably achieved. The product is of low quality if the potential customer does not find it is worth buying. But this definition of quality in business is not applicable everywhere. When it comes to manufacturing or industry then the quality is perceived as the relation between a product and a customer (Gordon, 2002). The definition of quality in business terms depends on the purpose. But whatever purpose we take, the main factor would always be satisfying customers’ need and meeting their expectations. If it’s about the customer then quality is meeting their needs and exceeding their expectations. Expectations may include the performance of the product, its appearance, availability when required, delivery, reliability, price, and cost-effectiveness of the product, as well as its maintainability.

DEBATE on Are Uniforms a Good Way to Improve Student Discipline and Essay

DEBATE on Are Uniforms a Good Way to Improve Student Discipline and Motivation - Essay Example In the US for example, it is observable that majority of schools prefer prescribing dressing codes as opposed to school uniforms, due to the lack of a strict national legislation to make wearing of school uniforms mandatory. In this context, 2006 statistics indicated that only 14% of public schools in the country had their students wearing uniforms, while 55% had dressing codes (Hamilton, 2008). A dressing code is different from uniforms in that students are allowed to wear clothing items of their choice as long as they conform with stipulated restrictions and guidelines, which, for example, may include and not limited to; length of a dress, colors, skin exposure etc. This paper is a critical evaluation on whether school uniforms should be made compulsory as a way of promoting discipline and student motivation. School Uniforms Wearing of School uniforms is a good way of promoting discipline among students as well as motivating them to concentrate on their studies. It is true to say t hat the contemporary world is full of diversity ranging from different types of cultures to social and economic disparities. This is no different in institutions of learning, where it is found that different students come from families which are different in terms of wealth. In this context, failure to impose uniforms on students would be a way of extending the disparities to schools, as each and every student would be motivated to outdo each other in terms of fashion, whereby it would be easy to tell which student comes from a poor family and which one comes from a wealthy one. This is one way of promoting inequality, which is a potential cause for student distraction as those wearing cheap clothing would be possessed by envy towards their rich counterparts (Cruz, 2001). This means that students wearing cheap clothing would have higher chances of not concentrating on what the teacher is saying, as they would be distracted constantly by the habit of evaluating each other’s ou tfit. In a mixed class for example, it would be easy to find ladies wearing provocative clothing in the effort to look sexy, which may be a major distraction to their male counterparts, who have a natural instinct of reacting positively to nudity. School uniforms are important in promoting teamwork (Cruz, 2001). It is said that birds of the same feather flock together. In this context, it means that there is a possibility of exclusion, whereby rich students may tend to form their own study groups whereas poor ones would have to form their own despite the fact that knowledge knows no boundaries. This means that coming from a wealthy family does not guarantee academic excellence, whereas coming from a poor family does not imply poverty of ideas. Uniformity in this context would be of great assistance as it would encourage students to bond and assist each other based on the fact that each and every person has his or her own capacity to understand and interpret issues, but as it is beli eved, two heads are better than one. For example, one may find that a poor student is well established and knowledgeable in a subject such as Mathematics while another from a rich family is good in Physics, but poor in Math and vice versa. If a uniform can play a major role in bringing together these two individuals to assist each other, then, the government and the society at large have a moral obligation to support

Financial Analysis of BAE systems plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Financial Analysis of BAE systems plc - Essay Example The principle operations of the company are electronic system, cyber & intelligence and platforms & services (UK and US and international). The electronic systems of the company includes, electronically optical sensors, commercial and digital engine and flight controls, electronic warfare systems, persistent surveillance capabilities, next-generation military communications systems and data links and hybrid electric drive systems. Cyber & intelligence includes, US based security and intelligence business and the BAE  System’s Detica business. It covers the cyber, financial security and commercial activities based in the UK. From the above figure, it is evident that the sales of the company have decreased over the years from 2008 to 2012. The revenue has reduced by 7% reflecting lower volume of sales in Land & Armaments business and there was no contract for Typhoon aircraft delivery during 2012 under the surveillance of Salam Typhoon program (BAE Systems, 2014b). The Earning Before Interest, Tax and Amortization (EBITA) has also reduced by 6% to approximately  £1,895 million (BAE Systems, 2014b). The earnings per share (EPS) went down by 2% (which excludes the benefit of UK tax settlement in 2011). The order backlog has also increased by about 8% to  £42.4 billion. The order taking in non-US and UK have increased to  £11.2 billion from  £4.8 billion in 2011. The total dividend paid to the investors has also increased by 4% in 2012 to about 19.5 p (BAE Systems, 2014b). According to Dick Olver, Chairman of BAE Systems Plc, â€Å"BAE Systems has delivered a robust performance in a challenging environment† (BAE Systems, 2014b). The company concentrates on the way it has conducted its business over the years and also focuses on the operational and strategic progress. The mission statement of the company is to â€Å"deliver sustainable growth in shareholder value by committing Total Performance† (BAE Systems,

Harriet Jacobs, Slavery, The South, and the Civil War Essay Example for Free

Harriet Jacobs, Slavery, The South, and the Civil War Essay Harriet Jacobs remains one of the most important anti-slavery figures in American history. As a former slave turned author, Jacobs was very influential in shaping public opinion towards an anti-slavery sentiment. Jacobs was born into slavery in 1813. She would eventually escape into freedom in 1835. Her escape route would eventually lead her to Philadelphia where she would not have to worry about being returned to the south. (Most northern cities were sympathetic to escaped slaves) Upon moving to New York City, Jacobs would develop a personal relationship with a publisher named Nathaniel Parker Willis. Perhaps it was this relationship that inspired her to write her seminal work Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl detailed the horrible conditions that women faced in slavery. The stories were first published in the newspaper the New York Tribune. While the articles were well received at first, the graphic depictions of sexual abuse proved controversial and the serial was discontinued. Eventually, Jacobs work was published in book form. The book became an immediate sensation and significantly shaped an anti-slavery sentiment that surely fueled the abolitionist movement. While the north understood slavery was evil, the pure brutality of it was unknown to most. Jacobs work raised a much needed awareness. But why did the south embrace slavery in the way it did? There were a number of reasons why the south was a huge proponent of slavery. The most obvious reason centers on the enormous profits that the southern states were able to amass due to having free labor. In time, the south was eventually overly reliant on  slavery since it was a non-industrialized society. Without the presence of factories, modern machinery, and an industrialized production center, the southern states were reliant on human labor more than the north. And as previously mentioned, free labor in the form of slavery provided the mechanism for this backwards infrastructure. There were many issues that drove the notion of the south succeeding from the union. If there was a â€Å"final straw† that drove the southern states to succeed from the union, it was the election of President Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln had campaigned on an anti-slavery platform. When he was elected, he professed his assertion that no new states entered into the union would be allowed to be slave states. This led to several southern states succeeding from the union and to form the Confederacy. Obviously, President Lincoln sought to quell this succession as soon as possible. However, the tensions exploded on April 12, 1861 when the Confederacy launched an all out assault on the military base Fort Sumter in South Carolina. More than anything else, this was the inciting incident that led to an all out Civil War.   During the initial years of the Civil War, the south was seriously â€Å"hammering† the north as the north could not find a proper strategy to win the war. This situation nearly led to Lincoln’s defeat in re-election. However, Lincoln did win re-election and eventually found the right general in Ulysses S. Grant. Under Grant, the south was defeated and the Emancipation Proclamation was upheld. Slavery was no more in the United States. In the aftermath of the Civil War, the reconstruction of the devastated south began. One goal of reconstruction was to integrate the now freed slaves into society.  However, Lincoln’s assassination undermined reconstruction and African-Americans would remain disenfranchised in the south for an additional 100 years.

Benefits of computing gross profit on sales in contrast to contribution margin Essay Example for Free

Benefits of computing gross profit on sales in contrast to contribution margin Essay The computation of gross profit on sales, which can be derived under the absorption costing approach, is a profitability measure normally conducted under financial analysis.   This accounting ratio outlines the gross profit generated from every $100 of sales.   Such measure is highly useful in financial analysis, because it provides indications on the profitability potential and cost efficiency of the company.  Ã‚   For instance, if there was an increase in sales of 10%, but the gross profit margin declined by 4%. This indicates that the cost efficiency of the organization deteriorated during the period.    Such analysis cannot be conducted under the contribution margin approach, because gross profit is not present.   However, under the contribution margin approach one can calculate the contribution to sales ratio which indicates the contribution determined from every $100 of sales.   This would also provide indications on the control of variable costs once compared over time. Difference in Net Income arising from different approaches. In the example of ABC Company the profit under the two methods is the same.   However, this is not always the case.   Profits under the two methods differ whenever there is movement in inventory.   This is due to the fact that since under the absorption costing technique fixed manufacturing costs are included in the cost of goods sold, a proportion of fixed costs will be included in inventory leading to such a difference. Contribution margin approach not allowable for external reporting. The contribution margin approach, despite being highly useful to provide valuable information for decision making, is not acceptable for external reporting.   This is due to the fact that it does not comply with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). For example, under the GAAP the income statement layout should clearly outline the gross profit made by the company.   Under the contribution margin method this is not highlighted.   Another important reason why the absorption approach is allowable for external reporting and not the contribution approach is due to the way in which the income statement is classified. The GAAP state that the income statement is classified by function, like under the absorption method.   In the contribution approach it is classified by cost behavior.   Indeed separation between fixed and variable costs is made under such method. This conflicts with another requirement of the GAAP. Reference: Drury C. (1996). Management and Cost Accounting. Fourth Edition. New York: International Thomson Business Press.

Event Report: Tshechu in Bhutan

Event Report: Tshechu in Bhutan Information report (750 words) Plan, research and write a report on any major event in your country- include at least three appropriate references Topic: Thimphu Tshechu / Festival (10th day of the Bhutanese calendar) Introduction: In my homeland of Bhutan, we celebrate an event known as Tshechu. It is an annual religious Bhutanese festival which is held on the 10th day of a month of the Bhutanese lunar calendar. Tshechu is a very grand colourful festival that is celebrated throughout the different regions of Bhutan in different months. It is celebrated for three or four days continuously and it is declared as government holiday.ÂÂ   Tshechu is one of the festivals which defines the unique culture and tradition of Bhutan. There are 20 districts in Bhutan and in each district Tshechu is held on different days and months, but always on the 10th day of the lunar calendar. As every year Thimphu Tshechu is celebrated either at the end of September or first week of October, therefore I have decided to choose Thimphu Tshechu as the upcoming festival in my country as the topic for the English Certificate IV assignment. This Tshechu is witnessed by thousands of people many of which travel from neighbouring Dzongkha gs (districts) to attend the festivities. The actual Tshechu is preceded by days and nights of prayer and rituals to invoke the gods (www.tourism.gov.bt, n.d). Main Topic: In the 746AD, the ruler of Bumthang Dzongkhag (one of the twenty districts in Bhutan in the Eastern region) popularly known as the Shindha Raja (King), fell seriously ill. Many known doctors and spiritual heads were called from India and Tibet. However, the Kings illness could not be cured. On hearing this, the great saint, Guru Padmashambhava, the first born from the lotus came to Bumthang in 746AD to cure the Kings illness.ÂÂ   It was found that the King was harmed by one of the most powerful local black demon. The local demon was hiding in a deep cave. Guru Rinpoche conducted many powerful and spiritual rituals to subdue the demon but the demon refused to be summoned. Guru Padmahambhava performed one of the scarciest dances known as the Eight Manifestation of Guru Phadmashambhava. The Eight Manifestation of Guru Padmashambhava are the eight principal forms assumed by Guru Rinpoche at different points in his life (rigpawiki.org, 2015) . In the eight manifestations, Guru came i n different forms depending on the circumstances. In this case of curing the Shindha Rajas illness, Guru Phadmashambhava performed different dances. The demon which was hiding in the cave got curious after a while and decided to come out to have a look in the form of a snake.ÂÂ   At this moment, Guru Phadmashambhava took the form of Jachung or Garuda which is a large legendary bird, bird-like creature or humanoid bird (Wikipedia.org, 2017) and captured the demon. This is how Guru Phadmashambhava subdued the demon and cured Sindha Raja of his long illness. From that Era onwards, many great saints and Lamas visiting Bhutan from India and Tibet to spread the Buddha dharma started performing the eight manifestations of Guru. Slowly, this came to be known as the Tshechu which is celebrated on the auspicious 10th day of a month of the Bhutanese lunar calendar. Thimphu Tshechu is one of the biggest Tshechu celebrated in Bhutan which attracts thousand s of local as well as the highest number of tourist. Tshechus are large social gatherings, which perform the function of social bonding among people of remote and spread-out villages. Large markets also congregate at the fair locations, leading to brisk commerce (wikipedia.org, 2017). During the Tshechus, the towns are decorated with bright lights and in the evening different shows are performed in the town. Many small food stalls are set up as well. Tshechu is also an occasion for family and friends gatherings. Every one going to see the Tshechu dresses up in their most expensive and colourful traditional dresses and ornaments. Every family pack a very grand lunch and snacks which later they have with their families, relatives and friends. On the last day of the Tshechu, a large Thongdrel- a large unique antique hand painted and blessed painting measuring up to 9-12 metres in length and breadth which usually have the painting of Guru Padmasambhava is displayed in the early morning and is taken down before the sun rise. For many, to witness the unfurling of Thangka is to accumulate merits and receiving blessings (Zhao, 2017). Conclusion: Thimphu Tshechu which is celebrated in the capital of Bhutan is one of the biggest festivals celebrated in the country. This Tshechu is a much-awaited occasion for the people of Thimphu as well as for the whole country. Tshechu celebration is a unique tradition and custom in Bhutan which serves as bridge between the ancient times and the modern times, also a platform to bind the old and the young people, share common beliefs and it also signifies the uniqueness of the Kingdom of Bhutan. References: Eight Manifestation of Guru Padmashambhava (2016). Tibetan Buddhism. Retrieved 30 August, 2016 from www.rigpawiki.org Garuda (2017). Retrieved February 10,2017 from Wikipedia.org (Thimphu Tshechu, n.d.). Retrieved August 28, 2016 from www.tourism.gov.bt Things to know about Tshechu in Bhutan (2017). Retrieved February 10, 2017 from www.indiaodysseytours.com Tshechu (2017). Retrieved February 21, 2017 from www.wikipedia.org

ROMANS 9:6-13 Essay -- essays research papers fc

THEOLOGICAL CENTRE FOR ASIA ROMANS 9:6-13 AN EXEGETICAL PAPER SUBMITTED TO DR CHUL WOO LEE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF BNT524 CONTEMPORARY HERMENEUTICS CONTENTS INTRODUCTION  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 OVERVIEW OF ROMANS 9-11  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 TRANSLATION OF ROMANS 9:6-13  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3 INNER TEXTURE  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 Repetitive Texture and Pattern  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 Opening-Middle-Closing Texture and Pattern  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6 INTERTEXTURE  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7 Oral-Scribal Intertexture  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7 Social Intertexture  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11 FOCUS: TRUE ISRAEL AND ELECTION  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12 CONCLUSION  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  15 BIBLIOGRAPHY  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  17 INTRODUCTION This exegetical paper will be dealing on Rom 9:6-13. In order to understand this passage, an overview of chapters 9 to 11 will be considered as it forms part of Paul’s discussion (although it is possible take into consideration the entire epistle, it is not necessary to discuss beyond the context). Next, a proposed translation of the text is done highlighting the variants that exists in the passage. Then, a socio-rhetorical analysis using inner texture and intertexture will be used to draw out a clearer understanding of the passage. Finally, with the help of the analysis, the meaning of true Israel and the understanding of sovereign election will be discussed. This understanding of this focus is fundamental in correcting, if any, the misinterpretation of God’s promises by the Jews and believers at Rome, and as well as for us today. OVERVIEW OF ROMANS 9-11 Romans chapter 8 ends in a most glorious and victorious statement. Paul says that he is convinced that nothing is able to separate him and the believers from the love of God (Rom 8:38-39). However, he begins in chapter 9 with great heaviness and continual sorrow in his heart (9:2). It would seem strange to see a sudden shift in Paul’s attitude in the beginning of chapter 9. The relation of chapters 9 to 11 to their context – as well as, of course, their purpose – has been the subject of a great deal of scholarly discussion. At first glance, the discontinuity of this portion of the epistl... ...ion of Christian Origins. New York: Crossroad, 1994. Fitzmyer, Joseph A. Romans. The Anchor Bible, 33. New York: Doubleday, 1993. Hadas, Moses. The Third and Fourth Books of Maccabees. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1953. Hamilton, Victor P. The Book of Genesis: Chapters 18-50. New International Commentary on the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995. Hill, Andrew E. Malachi. The Anchor Bible, 25D. New York: Doubleday, 1998. Moo, Douglas J. The Epistle to the Romans. The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996. Morris, Leon. The Epistle to the Romans. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1988. Piper, John. The Justification of God: An Exegetical and Theological Study of Romans 9:1-23. 2d ed. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1993. Robbins, Vernon. Exploring the Texture of Texts. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press, 1996. Wenham, Gordon J. Genesis 16-50. Word Biblical Commentary. Dallas: Word Books, 1994. Witherington, Ben, III. Paul’s Letter to the Romans: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2004. . Paul’s Narrative Thought World: The Tapestry of Tragedy and Triumph. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster/John Knox Press, 1994.

New England Vs Chesapeake :: essays papers

New England Vs Chesapeake Early English colonies in America hardly resembled the union of men and women that would later fight against England and build a new country. In fact, until the mid-eighteenth century, most English colonists had very little, if anything to do with the settlers in neighboring colonies. They heard news of Indian wars and other noteworthy events, not from the colony itself, but from England. The colonies in the New World appeared completely different and the prospect of any unity between them seemed impossible. The colonies in New England and the Chesapeake exemplify the many differences in the culture and lifestyles of the settlers, created mainly because of the fact that their founding fathers had held separate intentions when they came to the New World. The New England and Chesapeake colonies were both settled by immigrants from England, the New England colonies being founded by the English from East Anglia, an area in eastern England. Though this was an area thriving with small towns that they had generally liked, they decided to flee England due to religious persecution. Hundreds of families, men, women and their children, came in search of a New World where they could practice their beliefs freely. They founded colonies such as Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island as model Christian societies. Their cities upon the hills were guides, the lanterns, for those lost in the darkness of humanity, as John Winthrop meant by his famous statement. They formed a society of strict religious participation, actually very much resembling their homeland. In the beginning, many called themselves Puritans, and kept things very simple and plain, concentrating on what was important to them. They used the community to achieve t heir goals, building new towns and enjoying the social aspect of their religion. At the same time, they were committed to remain working hard to keep their community productive. They believed the â€Å"idle hands† were the devil’s workshops. An issue that really defined a split between the societies was the slavery conflict. The northerners in New England held true to their belief that every man shall be equal and no one should be enslaved, while the southerners in the Chesapeake area strongly believed in the use of slavery. At the same time the New Englanders worked to help end slavery by preaching to others about the injustices, they worked diligently to make education in their society strong.

Wawa Research Paper

The top of the hierarchy was still under development but included sales/production, forecasting and replenishment system. In the middle was an under development strategic sourcing program. At the bottom was the operational master data set: articles files for warehousing, ordering, pricing and scanning up to 45000 SSW. This technology was used to keep records of inventory, orders being processed for suppliers and keep records of the past months orders, which could be used as information to make many Important decisions.An important part of the new IT architecture was the Introduction of Dif (Demand Influencing factors). This system would forecast the changes (holidays, promotions and weather) and factor these changes Into the recommended order that It generates for the stores. Way also started selling gas as convenience stores when it comes to gasoline procurement. In the past they had seven or eight carriers that monitored the gas supply in their assigned stores through technology an d they communicated once a day and these carriers did everything for Way.The technology strategy required Way to unite WBI, NCSC and the Fresh Channel integrated under one banner to create a competitive advantage and be cost- effective. The IT strategy was effective for Way. The Dif that would automatically take demand influencing factors into account and forecast and replenish the system. This system saved a lot of time, energy, and effort for the store managers as rather than having to remember the fact that something is on promotion next week or that the demand has changed due weather/holidays this system takes all the factors into consideration and generates a recommended order.This gives the store manager more time to focus on many different things. In my belief their gas supply strategy was very effective. Way had an advantage when it came to gas distribution as they never owned a gasoline truck and never hired a gasoline driver or invested money in logistics. They were virtua l when it came to gas distribution. The store managers never had to worry that the fuel would run out; they Just had to focus on selling it. I think this system increased Haw's profit margins for selling fuel, as they did not have a lot of capital investment.Their strategies in technology helped the firm become more customer focused, which was their mission to simplify daily lives of people. Way technology strategies helped in reducing a lot of workload for the workers in the store so they could concentrate on customers. Way was in the process of developing a new systematic supply chain as their egoistic had reached capacity and their vendors had been inconsistent in supplying the stores. Way wanted to own the software but not the hardware. They wanted a consolidated facility, owned and operated by a third party.If they wanted to build their own distribution centre, it would have cost them at least the equivalent of 10 to 11 new stores. Way choose Mclean Company of Texas, as they we re by far there largest convenience store distributor in the country. They were in a strategic â€Å"100 – 100 partnership†. NCSC was a 220,000 square-feet building and had 5 different imperative zones. The NCSC used to dispatch trucks between 1 am and 4:mama and every store had consistent deliveries with a 2-hour EAT. This allowed the management to plan for enough labor so they could shelf the products upon arrival.In the convenience story industry many of Haw's competitors did not realize that delivery timings were affecting their customers. It has happened to me a number of times when I go to a 7-11 and if they are getting a delivery their parking lot will be full and the store will be over crowded and understaffed as most the workers are emphasizing on shelving he items instead of paying attention to customers. NCSC handled 1800 SKU and it turned over products in ten days. Although Way owned the inventory, Mclean use to do everything for Way.They used to give order s to the vendors, manage inventory and inform Way how much they owe to the vendors. NCSC was able to such that all the Way stores could be reached in a day. Way did not want to waste capital on building their own facility as their competitors suffered by doing so. NCSC had only 6 Way employees and their Job was to maintain relations between Haw's marketing department and Mclean merchandising department. This also is a very important lesson for their competitors, as they also should maintain good relations with their distributors because one party cannot succeed at the expense of others.Bluebells stated that the relationship is like a marriage. Most employees of Way and Mclean consider this a strategic partnership and their partnership was a testimony for other players in the industry. NCSC was impressive in the technological aspect also. It promised to be an impressive array of third party logistics, cross docking, virtual management and mutual adjustment within and amongst organiza tions. Operations in NCSC and Fuel supply were meticulously choreographed, tightly coupled and highly efficient..Outsourcing this process, like the NCSC and Fuel channel, to experienced companies would allow Way to develop an efficient distribution network at a significantly less cost, and concentrate the majority of their resources on the customers. Haw's SCM going forward was quite impressive as well. They were going to implement the fresh channel. Fresh channel would be a central kitchen where food items could be prepared which were previously made in stores. This was done in order to maintain uniformity and increase the flexibility. Way has one of the most impressive and effective distribution channels in the industry.Going forward I think the company should continue its traditions of giving the customer more importance. Way should find another company like Mclean or offer Mclean a contract for another location so they could expand on their stores and be NCSC was expected to las t until 2012 but it is already full at the moment, which gives the organization very little room for growth. The Fuel Channel is one of Haw's best supply channel so I think they could add more gas stations to their stores as I have seen many Haw's thou gas stations.This would help the company expand their market and geographical radius. I think Way should also have websites or mobile phone applications, which tell the customers about the number of people in the store or the approximate waiting time. They should also let customers order their food from their kitchen freshly made in the store online. I consider Way to be green to an extent as they have reduced their number of truck deliveries and Fuel channels do not even use one truck. Way is virtual in gas distribution. Way could start using recycled labels on their private products.

Antisocial Personality Disorder: An Overview Essay

Abstract In this paper, my aim was to give a general overview of antisocial personality disorder so that I could broaden my understanding of this mental illness. I used textbook material, information from the DSM-5, and several outside sources to try to create a complete picture of the main points of the disorder, such as the causes development, symptoms, prognosis, prevalence, and treatment options for this disorder. I also looked into possible sociocultural influences on the development of the disorder, and consider whether or not it is a legitimate disorder that should be acknowledged by the mental health community. I conclude this work with a personal critique of what I have taken away from my research. Antisocial Personality Disorder: An Overview In order to be successful in any society, it is important to be able to abide by the rules that the society puts forth. While there are a lot of cultural differences about what is normal and what is not, one could venture to pick out some universal moral guidelines—harming someone, stealing, conning, and lying are generally rejected. Breaking the law and disregarding the safety of oneself or others would also fall on the societal â€Å"don’t† list. While most people find it fairly easy to live within the bounds that society sets (or at least feel guilty when they don’t), people with an antisocial personality disorder find it significantly more difficult. This disorder, also commonly known as psychopathy or sociopathy, is rather difficult to deal with—and rather fascinating to study. In my experience, there is a serious social stigma attached to antisocial personality disorder. When I think of this disorder, or of the term â€Å"psychopath,† t here is a learned connection that immediately goes to danger and fear. In the media and Hollywood, people with this disorder are connected with many of the most heinous crimes—serial murders, rape, highly successful scam operations. Although the traits associated with antisocial personality disorder make sense with these types of crimes, it is not nearly as common as television  and movies make it seem. This general misconception is one reason that I was interested in studying this disorder. The second reason that I was so interested in studying this disorder was a thought that I had one day while discussing the high levels of criminal behavior within the population of people with antisocial personality disorder. Although they often participate in criminal activity, there is something wrong with their mind that does not allow them to process their actions the same way I am able to process my actions. The thought struck me that if I could lie to get ahead and I did not feel an ounce of guilt (because I had no capacity for guilt), even though I knew it was wrong, would I do it? I know that there is a still a choice—but I think that the disorder these people have necessitates a shift in our perspective of their actions. It was this thought that really led me to want to have a much more full understanding of this disorder. Historical and Diagnostic Features The causes of antisocial personality disorder, like many other personality disorders, are difficult to pinpoint. One reason for this is because many people with these disorders do not seek help until they have had the problem for years, and they still may not recognize that anything is wrong—often, it is the distress of other people in their lives that eventually causes them to seek help. Because of this delay in treatment, it is not easy to study people with personality disorders from the onset of their problem (Durand & Barlow, 2013). However, there is definitely some sort of biological connection. The American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychology: Volume 11 states, â€Å"There is little doubt that there exists a genetic predisposition to antisocial personality disorder, as indicated by a variety of adoption, family history, and twin studies.† (Tasman, 1992, p. 67). There are also significant ties to sociocultural factors, which was researched in the Cambridge Study of Delinquent Development. This study showed several factors such as a convicted parent, large family size, low intelligence, a young mother, and a disrupted family which correlated with later antisocial personalities. (Farrington, 2000). Although it is hard to pinpoint a cause of this disorder, we are fairly sure that it originates in childhood and follows a chronic course through adulthood. Despite the fact that it probably originates in childhood, antisocial personality disorder cannot be  diagnosed until a person is 18. For children who tend to violate societal norms, there is the diagnosis of conduct disorder; many adults who are diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder were diagnosed with conduct disorder as a child (Durand & Barlow, 2013). Although antisocial personality disorder is chronic, it does seem to wane as a person gets older, especially around the age of forty. While this remission is most evident in the lessening of criminal behavior, it is also likely that the full spectrum of antisocial behaviors as well as substance abuse will go down. (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). The DSM-5 outlines the main symptoms that are prevalent in antisocial personality disorder and says, â€Å" The essential feature of antisocial personality disorder is pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood† (APA, 2013). Symptoms of this disorder include frequent breaching of law, deceitfulness (lying to and conning others for personal gain), impulsiveness, irritability, aggressiveness, recklessness, and irresponsibility. Furthermore, there is an apparent lack of remorse for having caused harm to another person (APA, 2013). This set of symptoms found within someone who is at least 18 years of age and shown signs of conduct disorder from the age of 15 merits a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder. However, a mental health professional should always exhaust all of their options when diagnosing. In the case of antisocial personality disorder, it is also possible that the involved symptoms only show up within the course of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder; if this is the case it should not be diagnosed as a personality disorder. Substance abuse can also be associated with these symptoms. If this is the case, a clinician should examine whether or not antisocial behavior was exhibited in childhood and have continued into adulthood. If not, it is more likely a substance abuse disorder. If so, and the substance abuse also began in childhood, there may be a double diagnosis necessitated. When diagnosing any personality disorder, it is important to look closely at the distinguishing features, because several personality disorders can share very similar traits. If all the features are met for two or more disorders, all can be diagnosed as comorbid disorders. Finally, because antisocial personality is closely correlated to criminal activity, it is necessary to see that antisocial personality features  accompany the criminal act—otherwise, it is simply criminal behavior (APA, 2013). It is often this criminal behavior aspect of this disorder that brings it into the public eye. Jack Pemment (2012) speaking about psychopaths in our culture wrote, â€Å"Despite inflicting terror into our hearts with the idea of a remorseless killer who is ‘programmed’ to kill, they are also heralded as intrinsically fascinating† (p. 1). While these people may be fascinating, it is important to remember that antisocial personalities often are associated with low economic status and urban settings. Those who exhibit antisocial behavior are often coming from a rough environment, and it is important that clinicians consider the social and economic background when assessing these individuals and making decisions about their diagnosis (APA, 2013). Based on criteria from former DSM manuals, the prevalence of antisocial personality disorder is between 0.2% and 3.3%. This prevalence is higher in samples of people who come from hard socioeconomic or challenging sociocultur al background. The prevalence among populations such as males who abuse alcohol, patients at substance abuse clinics, and prisons is disproportionately high, sometimes greater than 70% (APA, 2013). For those who have this disorder, prognosis is not particularly positive. This is a chronic disorder, and to date there are no cures like we have for other psychological disorders, and there have been very few success stories treating antisocial adults with behavioral therapy (Durand & Barlow, 2013). However, the level of dysfunction involved seems to go down significantly after a long period of time—Robins and Regier (1991) found in their study that on average, from first to last symptom, the disorder lasts 19 years. This general pattern of remission over time is the most positive prognostic factor for this disorder. Part of the reason that prognosis is so low is that treatment for adults with antisocial personality disorder is particularly difficult. Firstly, people with disorder almost never identify themselves as in need of treatment, and therefore they do not ever go; Meloy (n.d.) states that only one in seven will ever discuss their disorder with a doctor. For those who do go to treatment, it is still difficult to achieve results. Beyond that, seemingly positive results seen may even be faulty—a characteristic of people with this disorder is lying and exhibiting manipulative behavior, so it is hard to tell whether or not therapy is working. In fact, one study has shown that those who were showing the most signs of success in therapy were the ones who were actually relapsing in undesirable behavior the most—they had just learned what they needed to say to the therapist to get good remarks, and they were able to simulate it well (Bennett, 2011). While there has been no â€Å"miracle drug† for the treatment of antisocial personality disorder, there has been some slight pharmacological treatment success. The successes in this realm have been primarily with the symptoms of aggression and impulsiveness. Lithium (a medication often used for bipolar disorder) has been shown to reduce aggressive impulsive episodes. A drug called Divalproex has seen some success in measurements of irritability, verbal assault, and assault against objects. While these may help, it is still not a treatment that leads to significant recovery and long-term success in treating this disorder (Bennett, 2011). Nothing has been a tried and true treatment for this disorder, but it has been shown that early intervention can help prevent full-blown symptoms later on. Early intervention seems to be the key in the success of these treatment plans—it seems as though once a person is an adult, it is hard to treat the symptoms of their personality disorder (Durand & Barlow, 2013). Psychological interventions like family and cognitive behavioral therapy have seen significant success. Family therapy gives participants skills to cope with their family and other issues, and helps to improve parenting,skills, often by encouraging support of the child and reducing stress within the home. Cognitive behavioral interventions are a imed at teaching problem-solving and social skills which helps affected individuals maintain a more normal level of function later on (Bennett, 2011). Personal Critique In doing this research, I learned that this disorder is similar to, but not nearly as drastic as, the idea that I had of it before. I had always thought that this was an extremely rare disorder (still not incredibly common, but more so than I thought), and that those that did have it were bound to exhibit some sort of cold, calculated, criminal behavior. Although many are caught up in criminal activity and do things that hurt those around them (for example, lying to and stealing from people that love them), they are not often doing things like committing serial murders. I also learned from one article I read that there are definite, biological differences in the  brains of people with antisocial personalities and the brains of normal, healthy people. I think this is very interesting because in my opinion this further validates the disorder. If people have legitimate differences in the structure of their brain, they are truly suffering from an illness that there may be nothing that they can do about. It may also explain why treatment that works on many other psychological disorders does not work as well for people with this disorder. The biggest challenge that mental health experts have with diagnosing this disorder is that people who have it do not believe that they have anything wrong with them, and therefore they do not come in for treatment. It is impossible to diagnose if the mental health expert doesn’t get the chance. Second to this, the biggest challenge would be that the disorder itself is characterized by manipulation and lying, so a client may not be honest with a therapist about what is going on psychologically, and they may be very good at the front that they put up. Antisocial personality disorder is most definitely a justifiable disorder. I think that there have been enough cases (particularly the few drastic ones) in which this disorder has clearly represented itself. Although this disorder may not cause percieved distress to the individual, it still limits them from having a healthy human experience, and it often causes significant distress in the lives of those who love the individual wit h the disorder. Finally, as I said before, I think that the brain research that has been conducted solidifies the existence of the disorder, and it most definitely should be included in the DSM-5 as well as future versions. It saddens me that there are not currently any viable treatment options for this disorder. As someone wanting to pursue a career in mental health, I would hate to have a client that I was absolutely unable to help. I hope that in the near future we will either find a form of therapy that will work for those already affected, or that we will be able to more successfully catch and curb these behaviors at a young age so that these individuals have a chance to lead successful, healthy lives. Referencs American Psychiatric Assosiciation. (2013). Diagnositc and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing. Bennett, P. (2011). Abnormal and Clinical Psychology: An Introductory Textbook. Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: McGraw Hill, Open University Press. Durand, V.M., & Barlow, D. H. (2013). Essentials of Abnormal Psychology, Sixth Edition. Australia, et al: Wadworth Cengage Learning. Farrington, D.P. (2000). Psychosocial predictors of adult antisocial personality and adult convictions, Behavioral Science and the Law, 18, 605. Pemment, J. (2012, Oct. 16). The neurobiology of antisocial personality disorder: The quest for rehabitation and treatment. Aggression and Violent Behavior. Retrieved from http://nueroscience.olemiss.edu. Robins L, & Regier, D. (1991). Psychiatric Disorders in America. New York, NY: Free Press. Tasman, A. & Riba, M. B. (Ed). (1992). American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychology (Vol. 11). American Psychiatric Publishing.

Racial disparity Essay

Prevalence of racial disparity in the criminal justice system is most troubling and critical problem for criminal justice executives as it directly affects the people. The safety and liberty of American people depend on integrity of American justice system but racial discrimination in the criminal justice system impairs this integrity, which in turn harms American people directly. So this is the most critical dilemma facing the criminal justice system managers at present. The causes of this racial discrimination are both subtle and intricate and are not easy to locate. However it is obvious that fault does not lie with American criminal laws but these are implemented in a manner that is substantially and pervasively biased. Certain factors external to American criminal laws like personal discretion, natural proclivity and mental approach of the people that responsible to implement these laws, also collaborate rendering distortion of these laws. This institutional materialization of racial discrimination in the justice system is the most critical people predicament facing mangers of American criminal justice system. Although certain legal reform has been suggested by various sector but past history manifests that criminal justice manager cannot simply legislate to put an end to this problem. Some concrete measure should be undertaken by criminal justice manager to solve this problem rather than redefining criminal justice system.

Peer Evaluation Example Essay

The first speech I am going to evaluate is Jane Doe’s speech about why music is good for people and the positives effect of it. Jane started out very well by giving a personal example of using music in her own life which got the audience’s attention. I liked it when she started off with a story and example because it helped me understand what she was trying to say to the class. She then introduced her topic and stated her reasons of why everybody should have an iPod and listen to music. This was a good strategy because it was well organized and simple which helped her keep the audience’s focus. Being too complicated would have caused the class to lose sight of her argument. I enjoyed the outline of her speech because it was simple and straight to the point. Although her outline was well thought out, the way she presented her argument could have used a little work. Jane wrote out a paper to explain her arguments so that she would not miss anything important that she wanted to say. This is a good way to be organized; however, she kept her head down most of the time and read off her paper word-by-word. This affected her voice which made her sound ‘monotone’. Also, an important thing about giving speeches and attracting the audience’s attention is to looking at the audience, making contact with them like you are speaking directly to them. I did not feel as if she had any contact with anyone since she was reading from her paper. I think if she would have had more eye contact, the audience would have been more interested and accepted her arguments. Another thing that affected her speech presentation was that she was very quiet and it was difficult to hear her. It did not seem like she was very passionate about her topic because she stayed at one level with her tone and her dynamics throughout the speech did not seem to change. In other words, she could have used more vocal variety and projection. Overall I think Jane picked a great topic that everybody could relate to and she used great points to explain her stance. However, I think if she would have been more excited about her topic and had contact with the audience, the speech would have been even better.

Supply, Demand and Diversity Factors in the Workforce of Australia

1. Labour Supply Analysis (to determine if the number and types of employees required are available when and where they will be needed). You should analyze current workforce’s capacity to meet current and predicted demands for business goods and services. The process begins with the internal analysis of existing employees in the company. If the number or mix of staff are not sufficient or not meet the requirements, the search for external information is required. Theses information can be obtained through the intranet, policy documents, divisional reports and etc. The beginning is made a list of current employees to identify future skills. This analysis includes an audit of current skills of each employee. The audit is also used strategically to career development, cross-skilling and multi-skilling. Even with the availability of these resources, the greatest challenge is also to establish a dialogue with the staff to meet the goals and aspirations them and also if they want an opportunity to grow within the company. According to new research, companies are not giving the right support to their staff. Without opportunities, employees are going away. For this reason the skills shortage and staff turnover still are being a problem. People need to feel purposeful and valued about where the organization is going. The companies need to create strategies to retain their talent and this is the main feature that ensures competitiveness, much more than material resources, financial and technological. The ANZ bank has a supply intensive with over 15. 000 suppliers providing good and services that keep their operations. Their focus is on strengthening their relationship with local suppliers in all markets and their supply chain is located in Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong and India. 2. Labour Demand Forecasting (estimating the number and type of employees needed to meet organisational objectives). Using (not just repeating) the labour supply data or demographic and economic data: explain how this data will be used to forecast human resources supply within ANZ Bank Australia. The Human Resource Planning will be affected according to the level of business development. If the company is starting now, the HRP will hire only candidates with skills that sustain the operations of the company. But if the company is growing, the HRP will focus on the hiring of experts. And if the company is in decline or challenge in the face of economic climate, the focus will be the restructuring. With the globalization, the advance of technology and the concept of sustainability, the companies need to adapte to these challenges. These challenges influence the vision and objectives of the companies. The strategy used by the bank is to nurture leadership team in regions where business is growing. Today this strategy is being implemented in Asia and the Pacific. ANZ bank seeks to avoid redundancies. 3. Balancing Supply and Demand Considerations Review of diversity in the Australian workforce – how would this affect/apply to ANZ Bank Australia. One of the problems that it has been affected the workforce in Australia is the redundancy and many employees have left their jobs for fear to lose the work. According to a survey, 76% will be looking for a new opportunity in the next 6 months. The main reason is that they are seeking a career development and wage growth. If the employee feels that is purposeful, valued, that have some support and rewards necessary, the employee remains in the company. An example that expresses this problem is with receptionist position because over half 54% of administration and office staff a new job and it have proven that receptionist are the most unhappy. This position is easily filled and employers don’t have to invest in these staff, even the reception staff are the face of an organisation. The challenge has been also finding people who are prepared to develop their skills and match the current needs of the companies. The qualities that employers are looking for today in candidates are: resilience, strong leadership, ability to seek ways to remain competitive from a business development standpoint and the ability to be more productive with limited resources. Employers are looking for who are make an impact on profitability today. The balancing supply and demand is based on recruitment (shortage) such as: full-time, part-time, job/work design, career management, remuneration practices. And also Reductions such as: Dismissals, retirements, retrenchments. 4. How to Formulate Staffing Strategies to meet Organisational Needs Define ow the article information will be used to define objectives and staffing strategies in ANZ Bank to retain required skilled labour. According to ANZ bank the staff strategies are used to create a new leadership team in which region that they are included. Others staffing strategies used are: open communication with staff (people need to feel purposeful and valuated); is impo rtant to communicate a clear vision to the employees and the goals and objectives of the company and also where the company is going to; provide some coaching and training; provide some salary package.

Acquisition and Disposal of Land and Real Estate Essay

Acquisition and Disposal of Land and Real Estate - Essay Example The acquisition of land and real estate requires an official process that is based on risk analysis, and financial analysis.Real estate refers to things which are not movable for example land and improvements permanently attached to it. There is a difference between real estate and real property. The ownership rights that are associated with the real estate are called real property. During acquisition of real estate, the investor acquires the land, all the physical assets of the land and all the things which are permanently attached to it. The investor also gets property rights which include the right to control, occupy, develop, exploit, lease, improve, and sell the real estate.It is important to differentiate between real estate and real property because different parties have different rights on a given part of real estate. Property rights can also be described as the right of a person to use, dispose, possess and enjoy his property. (Fisher & Brueggeman 2004)The value of real est ate is the total price that an individual is willing to pay so as to acquire the benefits associated with all the property rights. It is important to note that it is not necessary for a person to be the owner of the property so as to have rights to it. A person who rents a piece of land is not the owner but he has the exclusive right to use the land as he wishes for a certain period of time. In exchange for the right to use the land, the tenant/lessee is willing to pay a certain amount of money. (Fisher & Brueggeman 2004) There are certain interests that an investor can acquire from a piece of property. An interest in real estate can be defined as a right or claim on property, production or its revenues. The interest in property is created by the possessor who can pledge the property in order to attain a certain objective with out giving up the property. An example of this is where a person pledges his land as security when he wants a loan from a bank. An easement is an interest in land whereby a person has the right to use the land leased for some special purpose. (Fisher & Brueggeman 2004) The legal aspect of a real estate acquisition is very important. It can assist in knowing the benefits of other persons who have some rights over the property. Often conflict arises concerning the rights to be given to the people who are holders of interests in the property. (Fisher & Brueggeman 2004) Classification of Estates There are certain categories of estates that can be differentiated in terms of the nature of rights that come with the ownership of an estate. An estate in possession allows the owner of the land immediate enjoyment of the land. An estate not in possession is a future estate in land and it doesn't give the buyer any rights to the estate until some time in the future. It will not change to an estate in possession until some future occurrence takes place. (Fisher & Brueggeman 2004) Estates in possession are of two varieties: leasehold and freehold estates. They are differentiated on the basis of the certainty of their duration. A freehold estate lasts for an indefinite period of time which means there is no date that the possession to the estate ends. Leasehold estate ends after a certain amount of time. It is a right to possess and use the property owned by another for a period of time. Examples of leasehold estates include the renting a residential estate whose contract is to be signed every year. A freehold estate can be the purchase of a home in the suburbs which can be leaved in generation after generation. (Fisher & Bruegg

Health Education Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Education - Case Study Example Relationships provide people with a sense of belonging because they tend to feel loved and accepted (APA 16). Some of the aspects that define a relationship are care, love, trust, concern and commitment. Therefore, when any of these aspects is not fulfilled in a relationship, such a relationship becomes stressful. For example, Mary feels that her trust has been betrayed when she finds DeWayne strolling into a restaurant with another woman. Therefore, her devastation is an indication that she is hurt and depressed about this incident. Therefore, relationships become stressful because they are dependent on trust, and when this is breached, issues of suspicion and insecurity start cropping up. 2. Why Do Some People Handle Relationships and Stress Differently? Stress affects all people, but different people handle stress differently. According to Scott, every individual perceives situations differently and thus each individual’s stress coping skills are different (1). As such, no two individuals respond in the exact same way to any given situation. For example, some individuals are more naturally reactive and sensitive to stress. A study by researchers at Michigan Technological University found that men and women handle stress differently. One explanation can be derived from the differences in temperament. Temperament is a collection of inborn personal characteristics that are observable as early as in childhood (Klinic Community Health Center 12). These differences cause certain people to become naturally resilient in the face of stressful situations, while others tend to feel more threatened and are thus less able to cope. Another reason why people handle stress differently is because of the meaning that is often associated with certain circumstances. For example, when a person has a sense of control in a certain situation, no matter how difficult, he or she will feel more empowered and less threatened. People also handle relationships differently. For exa mple, in love relationships, women are described as more emotional and thus tend to give their all to the relationship. They believe that the relationship will materialize and culminate in a long-term commitment (Randall and Bodenmann 107). For example, in this case, Mary’s whole world is said to center on DeWayne, and she thinks about him constantly. However, other people, especially men, view relationships as a matter of convenience and avenues of getting certain satisfactions such as emotional and physical in the form of sex. This explains the emergence of phrases such as â€Å"friends with benefits.† For example, while Mary is counting on a wedding, DeWayne is strolling into a restaurant with another woman. This shows that he lacks commitment. In such a situation, when the relationship ends, Mary will be more stressed, while DeWayne might be less stressed. 3. Write a Brief Evaluation of the Situation above and Explain What's Happening to Mary As a Result In the sit uation above, Mary is deeply in love with DeWayne, but the same cannot be said of DeWayne. Since they have been dating for over two years, Mary feels that DeWayne is her partner for life, and they have even discussed plans about their eventual marriage. When DeWayne starts going slow on the relationship, Mary begins suspecting that something is wrong. She realizes that he might be seeing someone else and on confronting him, DeWayne ends the relationship

Telecomm Question Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Telecomm Question - Research Paper Example d by Lancaster University indicated that a professor at the University of Lancaster was at the forefront of developing technology that has the capability of speeding up the development of the 5G (fifth generation) wireless communication. Reports indicate that the professor together with colleagues from China has concluded a worldwide review of the 5G progress including the challenges underlying its implementation (Lancaster University, 2015). According to the project review team, greater breakthrough in telecommunication is on the way as research and development go on with to meet their commercial goal of the Firth generation network for everyone by 2020. The review team also expects new techniques and network architectures to merge to promote the existing cellular systems. A research conducted by the review team indicates an overview of potential network architecture. On other hand, the report also highlights various techniques, which could be used to develop the 5G system by analyzing the 5G current research and requirements. Some of these techniques include; Millimeter wave communications, Massive Multiple input multiple output, Non-orthogonal multiple access, and Cognitive radio and Device to device communications among others (Zheng, Zhang, Ding, Fan, & Li, 2015). 5G network systems will offer a platform that that will not only increase communication speed, it will also open doors to different industrial and consumer applications and uses. Some practical example of the uses the systems will be put into includes health monitoring devices, autonomous cars, and interactive gaming gadgets among others. Additionally, the system is expected to provide faster data sending rates between the sender and the receivers, faster download speeds of data, a more linked world and most importantly a longer battery life. In order to make this dream a reality, the research and development have started the pursuit in the bid to seize leadership. Moreover, large amount of

Frontline Analysis of Terrorist Attacks of September 11 Essay

Frontline Analysis of Terrorist Attacks of September 11 - Essay Example The first controversy that is detailed within this program is the lack of communication between US organizations such as the FBI and CIA. Former FBI agent, Ali Soufan is interviewed in this program and he describes how the CIA withheld information from the FBI which could have stopped the terrorist attacks on September 11th. According to Soufan, he requested information from the CIA on several occasions before the attacks because he was working on another terrorist attack that had occurred on the USS Cole in Yemen and was struggling to figure out specific connections between terrorist groups(â€Å"The Interrogator,† 2011). However, the CIA ignored all of his requests, but after September 11th, 2001, they suddenly began to provide him with documents and photographs which, if he had been given access to these sources earlier, he believes that the FBI would have been able to track down the people involved with 9/11 and ultimately been able to stop it. Ali Soufan did not really un derstand why he was ignored earlier, but most people seem to think that it had to do with miscommunication in that the CIA might have thought that the FBI and other agencies already had access to this information(â€Å"The Interrogator,† 2011). There is a lot of â€Å"what ifs† in this particular controversy as people imagine what the United States and the world might look like today if these two major agencies had been better at communicating with each other. There were other problems with communication as well when it came to interrogation techniques. Ali Soufan was one of the FBI’s foremost interrogators because of his ability to speak Arabic. He had spent a great deal of time questioning terrorist subjects; however, after September 11th, 2001, the United States decided to begin using enhanced interrogation techniques which included water boarding, nudity, sleep deprivation, and no toilets. Ali Soufan did not agree with these techniques because he believed th em to be ineffective in comparison to his own method of questioning. Ultimately, Soufan and others like him were replaced by experts in enhanced interrogation techniques. Soufan attempted to communicate his concerns about this, but no one really listened. He even spoke before the government with his identity concealed that there were plenty of examples which illustrated that techniques like water-boarding did more harm than good as terrorists simply give out false information in order to stop what some consider to be torture(â€Å"The Interrogator,† 2011). The controversy here stems from the fact that Soufan believes that no significant information has been gleaned from imprisoned terrorists using these severe interrogation techniques. However, those on the other side of the argument such as Dick Cheney, continue to defend these methods and say that they have been able to thwart many potential terrorist attacks because of it. The average American will never know the truth bec ause this controversey appears to be more of a difference of opinion than anything else with each side saying that the other is wrong. The average American is also unlikely to be aware of the controversey that surrounds how much money has been spent on counter-terrorism efforts and the ultimate impact that these efforts have had on stopping

Information Systems Management & Quality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Information Systems Management & Quality - Essay Example This report and the involved case study incorporate computer and information technology plus their application into government projects. The main points of focus are the ability of computer systems to operate effectively when employed on relevant scenarios. The evident exposition here is the failure of the specified projects. Their failures have been attributed to by several issues ranging from technology to management and both. Moreover the National Audit Office has a number of stipulations in its desire for elimination of central government wastage or overspending and improvement of success rates of the projects (Liebowitz & Khosrowpour 2007). In the past, the government has succumbed significantly due to the consequences of unproductive plans that have been deficient of the ability to progress. Considering their progressions, it implies that the projects might have not been capable of delivering as per the expectations of their initial aims (Khosrowpour 2006). Similarly, the inabi lity to succeed might also lie on the projects tendency of accruing losses. In this case the latter is more significant for considerations since both of the selected case studies have the basic facet. The case studies selected for analysis are the independent learning accounts and the pathway. Comprehensively, the independent learning accounts incorporate a scenario that led to the loss of ?97 million whilst the pathway associated a loss of 1 billion Euros. In this instance, the citation convinces the logic of seeking an appropriate means of curbing the situation that might transpire into such losses both presently and in the future (Liebowitz & Khosrowpour 2007). The Independent Learning Accounts Let us assess the specific instances of the projects. First, the independent learning accounts and as a government project. This was the 2001 system offering adults ?150 for educational use was abandoned after fraudsters coined millions in fake applications. The independent learning accoun ts were a system designed to offer adults funds for educational reasons (Schwalbe 2010). In this case, the system failed when the fraudsters succeeded in compromising its effectiveness and obtain benefits from it leading to the government loss. However, this project was chosen since it involves the loss of money from external fraudsters who depends on their skills for malicious gains (NAO 2012). This is the main point for the projects preference since it outlines the major point of scenario that the fraudsters use currently in obtaining benefits they do not merit from genuine projects. This problem is rampant virtually in all situation organizations and by attaining its remedy would assist in resolving other related problems in other scenarios. Management Issues Concerning the management issues leading to the failure of projects, there was poor testing in the case of independent learning accounts project. It is imperative to understand that the project developers and the experts per form series of testing processes of the project (Khosrowpour 1999). The tests are aimed at determining the flaws and formulating technical means of curbing them. In this case technology is the main consideration and the security of a system is imperative for contemplation. According to Madeley (1991), security has to be tested in all perspectives because the system is conveyed via the network and usually users would try the effectiveness of the system as well as detection and blockage of security

Marketing Mix Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing Mix Project - Essay Example Another important criterion that needs to be highlighted is that the target group has to be clearly examined. The price and the product provide some directions in recognizing the right audience. Choi, et al., (2014) defined marketing mix as the set of strategies that a company applies to promote and advertise its goods or services. It is the crux of marketing process. It has to be reviewed constantly to meet the changing requirements. The changes in the external environment and changes within the firm necessitate alterations in the mix. There are 4Ps which typically constitute a marketing mix. They are Place, Price, Promotion and Price. However, it has started including other Ps as well like positioning, people, packaging and politics. Nike, Inc. is a renowned designer and manufacturer of footwear, services, accessories, apparel and equipment. It is an American Multinational Corporation established in 1971. It was earlier founded by the name Blue Ribbon Sports by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight (Gordon, 2012). Product mix is defined as the total variety of goods or services offered by the company. Nike Inc. provides a wide range of products like athletic footwear like running shoes, cleats and apparels that include jerseys, layered clothes, shorts, sports equipments for wide range of sports like baseball, tennis, ice hockey, soccer, cricket, basketball, golf, athletics, combat sports, cross training for men, women and children, etc (Huang & Sarigà ¶llà ¼, 2012). It also manufactures shoes for other outdoor sports and activities like cycling, volleyball, wrestling, cheerleading, auto racing, aquatic sports, etc. Apparels also include urban fashion clothing. The first line of shoes released by Nike, Inc. in 1987 was Nike Air Max. Air Huarache, an additional line of products, was introduced in 1992. The new lines of goods that are recently added are the Nike NYX, Nike 6.0 and Nike SB shoes especially designed for

Mong Schoolchildrn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mong Schoolchildrn - Essay Example This book hÐ µlps to gÐ °in Ð °n insight on whÐ °t mÐ °kÐ µs Ð ° good tÐ µÃ °chÐ µr, Ð °nd Ð °n Ð µxÐ µmplifiÐ µd rolÐ µ of thÐ µ tÐ µÃ °chÐ µr Ð °nd Ð °bility to improvÐ µ Ð ° child’s lifÐ µ without Ð µvÐ µn rÐ µÃ °lizing it. This book rÐ µvÐ µÃ °ls thÐ µ story of Ð ° young tÐ µÃ °chÐ µrs lifÐ µ Ð °nd work in thÐ µ KÐ µlly School, Ð ° pÐ °rt of thÐ µ HolyokÐ µ, MÐ °ssÐ °chustÐ µÃ µs school systÐ µm. ThÐ µ book providÐ µs insight into whÐ °t it is likÐ µ tÐ µÃ °ching in Ð ° multiculturÐ °l clÐ °ssroom Ð µnvironmÐ µnt Ð °nd how importÐ °nt it is to bÐ µ Ð °blÐ µ to monitor Ð °nd Ð °djust to troublÐ µd studÐ µnts, how vitÐ °l it is to chÐ °ngÐ µ your mÐ µthods of working, whÐ µrÐ µ tÐ µÃ °ching Ð ° 24/7 profÐ µssion, not Ð ° 8:00-5:00 job. During thÐ µ wholÐ µ yÐ µÃ °r Chris tÐ °cklÐ µs not only issuÐ µs of difficult studÐ µnts but pÐ µrsonÐ °l issuÐ µs Ð °s wÐ µll. This book providÐ µ s futurÐ µ tÐ µÃ °chÐ µrs with Ð ° much rÐ µquirÐ µd glÐ °ncÐ µ Ð °t thÐ µ rÐ µÃ °litiÐ µs of tÐ µÃ °ching whÐ µrÐ µ strÐ µss of bÐ µing Ð ° tÐ µÃ °chÐ µr is Ð µvidÐ µnt. From SÐ µptÐ µmbÐ µr to JunÐ µ, Chris ZÐ °jÐ °c, Ð ° compÐ °ssionÐ °tÐ µ, dÐ µvotÐ µd tÐ µÃ °chÐ µr strugglÐ µs with thÐ µ nÐ µÃ °rly supÐ µrhumÐ °n tÐ °sk of tÐ µÃ °ching innÐ µr-city childrÐ µn, mÐ °ny from impovÐ µrishÐ µd Ð °nd brokÐ µn homÐ µs. .It fÐ µÃ µls likÐ µ you Ð °rÐ µ in thÐ µ clÐ °ssroom with Mrs. ZÐ °jÐ °c. TrÐ °cy KiddÐ µr dÐ µscribÐ µs Ð ° rÐ µÃ °l tÐ µÃ °chÐ µr Ð °nd hÐ µr studÐ µnts Ð °nd tÐ °kÐ µs thÐ µ rÐ µÃ °dÐ µr with thÐ µm through thÐ µ school yÐ µÃ °r. ZÐ °jÐ °c mÐ °nÐ °gÐ µd to rÐ µlÐ °tÐ µ thÐ µ problÐ µms Ð °s wÐ µll Ð °s thÐ µ succÐ µssÐ µs in thÐ µ clÐ °ssroom.

Mcds Current Strategy Essay Example for Free

Mcds Current Strategy Essay Do we have a contradiction here? †¢ Can we develop many successful segments, as many as McDonald’s would like, create a new image and having their main business continue to be burgers and fries? †¢ Is the CFO correct in assessing that the main business of the company is to compete with other burger companies? †¢ What do you think of the current suggested strategy that McDonald’s develop a healthy line because this will continue to attract people whose main demand is burgers and fries? †¢ Do you think that the current socioeconomic demographics will continue to positively react to the McCafe’s? What would you suggests as strategies or main strategy for Mc? I dont think there is a contradiction in this case. In my opinion, we say it is a contradiction because McD company uses different strategy to different segments in the market. The company has been trying to build a new image of healthy food to go along the need of modern adults. On the other hand, however, the burgers and fries still take large pile of market. McD is well-known by there traditional products burgers and fries and there is one thing that we have to admit is that many people order burgers and fries in McD because customers eating habit has been changed by McD. As far as I know, I think McD can sell their original products as well as doing more advertisements of those new and healthier food to appeal new customers. Since McD has been playing a very important role of domain peoples eating habit, I suppose that McD should develop more, or I say different, concept of healthy food. With specific stores selling different stuff then analyze which chain is better to suit modern people. So I agree with the CFOs opinion. McD wants to be the NO.1 then it has to win in the market with other fast food companies. And to attract more customers is the point to gain more profit. To develop more healthy food, will definitely get more people to buy its stuff. As for the McCafe, lower price and better quality will be the motivation that people want to buy a cup of espresso in McC. But since there are more and more coffee companies already existed in the market, I suppose it might not be that positive to McC. Except for the price and quality, the service and the diversity of products are important too.

Relationship Between the Heritage Site and the Community

Relationship Between the Heritage Site and the Community This essay critically discusses the relationship between heritage and community, collecting and making reference to a wide range of writing and theorizing on heritage and its management. As Lowenthal (1995) argues in his book The Past is a Foreign Country, the past is an ever-changing phenomenon, which is not constant due to the way in which the past is translated to us and how we, as individuals, intepret our past, with each individual having a different version, a different interpretation, of a common past. ‘The past’ is a heritage, which, argues Lowenthal (1995) is at once burdensome and nurturing, open as it is to various interpretations and various uses. The past is essential, and inescapable, and can be as innocent as one’s memories as captured in photographs or can be manipulated as witnessed by the Holcaust deniers. It is this changing nature of ‘the past’, or ‘heritage’ that simultaneously sustains and constrains us (Lowenthal, 1995). The past is, argues Lowenthal (1995), an increasingly more foreign country, that is distinct from the present but which is increasingly manipulated by present-day aims. It is necess ary to preserve the past to avoid ‘cultural amnesia’ but a cult of nostalgia can also choke and dampen progress, and so dealing with ‘heritage’ is a delicate matter. ‘Heritage’ and its management, in terms of community, is therefore a complex matter that generates tensions and conflicts. Chitty and Baker (1999) look at how historic sites and buildings are managed and show that preservation and presentation are central activities in the historic environment but that, often, these activities can be antagonistic to each other. This antagonism arises because of the different economic, social, cultural and educational perspectives taken by the different bodies involved in preserving and presenting historic sites and buildings. For example, those in charge of public entry to the historic site or building are interested that the site or building be open for as long as possible to as many people as possible, so that the revenue is as high as possible. Those involved in preservation of the historic site or building, for example, are interested not in the entry of visitors to the site, as a primary concern, but rather that they have the space, temporal and physical, to perform the necessary conservation duties to preserve the site or building for future generations, in a sympa thetic manner. Several case studies are discussed in Chitty and Baker (1999) including Avebury, Hadrian’s Wall, Norton Friary, Brodsworth Hall and various sites of interest for industrial heritage and in terms of military heritage, many of which are promoted as sites of heritage tourism (Timothy and Boyd, 2003). As Baker states in the introduction to Chitty and Baker (1999), sympathetic reconstruction and conservation is fundamental for preserving the authenticity of historic sites and buildings. As her argues, Avebury as it is currently encountered is largely a 1930’s reconstruction and not how Avebury was constructed originally. It is perhaps the case that many visitors do not realize that the current structure is not how it would have appeared when originally built, but many of those same visitors still take a great deal away from their visits to Avebury. This presents a dilemma for the managers of the site, the National Trust, who have to decide whether to preserve the Avebury as it is, complete with 1930’s modifications, or whether to change the site back to how historical records show it was when originally constructed. This dilemma illustrates the dilemma facing all managers of historic sites and buildings: the management of these sites is dependent on visitor numbers, as ‘heritage’ is a business nowadays, which is as dependent on revenue as any other business. Preservation of historic sites and buildings therefore needs to take place within the confines of dealing with visitors who want to be able to freely move about a site or building that they have paid to enter, for example. As Baker argues in Chitty and Baker (1999), the meaning and historical perspectives of buildings and sites can also be lost or mistranslated in the effort to maintain these sites and buildings within the context of generating revenue: the holistic view of the historic remains can be lost as individual stories and narratives are generated. For example, across Derbyshire, there are many historic sites from many different ages. In a few square miles, there is Bolsover Castle, Langwith Pit, with the last remaining working pit head in the area, Sutton Mill, which is a fully working water mill, Hardwick Hall, of Bess of Hardwick fame with the largest glass faà §ade in the UK: all of these sites ‘compete’ for revenue from visitors, but, as a whole, do not explain the continuity of, or the development of, the history of the area. In the effort to collect revenue from visitors, the history of the area as a whole has been lost to the general public, it’s holistic history h as been waylaid. Local history is not taught in schools in the area and so children grow up in the area often unable to afford to enter the historic sites, or with parents who do not encourage visits to the historic sites, and so never learn about their local history. They become dis-jointed from their local history. Heritage and community thus has no meaning for these individuals, and, as a whole, the community tends to come to view the historic sites not as their heritage but rather as visitor attractions that they cannot afford to visit and do not understand, as they have no connection to the sites or buildings, other than knowing that they are commercial activities and that ‘something’ happened there. This is a very modern tragedy, that heritage and community have become disjointed, that even when people do visit sites and buildings of historic interest that their experience is an isolated one, not ‘joined up’ to other historical sites of interest and thus not giving a holistic viewpoint of local history, or how this local history connects to larger UK history, for example. Preservation of historic sites and buildings is more than simply conserving those sites for the future, it also comes to include the preservation of the memories and history of those sites, a goal of communication. Presentation therefore overlaps with preservation, in terms of communicating to the visitors. Grenville (1999) looks at the rapid changes that are taking place in countryside management and their effect on the cultural landscape, in terms of the conflict that this process generates between archaeologists and ecologists, and looks at many case studies such as the management of archaeological landscapes on army training grounds, the management of ancient woodlands and the conservation of monuments in Norfolk. As Grenville (1999) states in the introduction, the identification of natural areas of significance by bodies such as English Nature separates out the significance of these areas from the possibilities of whole landscape evaluation, in a manner similar to that described by Baker in Chitty and Baker (1999): the holistic understanding of the whole landscape is lost, and whilst ‘Site Wildlife Statements’ are made about these areas of significance, managers of these sites are presented with problems when the views and needs of archaeologists, ecologists and visito r satisfaction all need to be considered. An example of this comes from Thornton Abbey in Lincolnshire: badgers were slowly destroying the archaeological remains at the site and the public and the resident ecologists were adamant that the badgers should be allowed to go about their business; the manager of the site eventually decided the badgers should be moved on, but the event caused a great deal of consternation amongst the archaeological community (Grenville, 1999). Howard (2003) looks at heritage management, its interpretation and identity, and finds that heritage has become a major concern around the world, particularly in the UK which relies heavily on tourism to heritage sites to keep these sites open and functioning, now that the majority of heritage sites in the UK are under the control of bodies which run them as a revenue-generating exercise. Howard (2003) points out, similarly to Chitty and Baker (1999) and Grenville (1999) that because most heritage sites are now run as a revenue-generators, there is conflict between preservation, conservation and management as to how these sites should be run, managed and interpreted. As Howard (2003) argues, however, the term ‘heritage’ nowadays means anything and everything the public want to save, from historic buildings to morris dancing to material culture and nature. As Howard (2003) argues, therefore, due to the heterogeneous nature of the ‘heritage’ that people want t o save, the management and interpretation of this ‘heritage’ is extremely complicated and needs many different approaches, especially as ‘heritage’ can take on a nationalistic component which has entirely negative repercussions, for as Howard (2003) states, â€Å"so long as heritage can be used for profit, or to produce group identity, or to subjugate or exclude someone else, then someone is going to use it†. Heritage, according to Howard (2003) is related to the concept of inheritance, in terms of meaning ‘that which has been, or may be, inherited’, and is also related to the idea of something that should not be forgotten, for example, the Holocaust heritage. Heritage also defines identity so that heritage has a contingent nature. That there are so many definitions of heritage, and that historic buildings and sites are bracketed together and understood in terms of ‘heritage’ is perhaps what leads to some of the tensions apparent between workers of different disciplines, when approaching a historical site or building. Everyone feels they have a claim on the site or building, in terms of common heritage, and they feel a responsibility to defend their heritage from the viewpoint of their different disciplines (i.e., ecologist/archaeologist/manager). This obviously then leads to tension as their viewpoints, whilst stemming from the same common concern, differ widely and have different effects and needs. ‘Heritage’, whilst a term that can be used to easily describe something that should be preserved, is a term that complicates the practical preservation of that site or building, especially as heritage marketing is something that is being used for consumer-led revenue-generation (Howard, 2003). Managing ‘heritage’ ‘for the community’ are the phrases of the moment, with the label ‘heritage’ being given to many things from historic sites and buildings to dances and religious/political ceremonies. Heritage is thus a flexible, little understood, term, that is, in Lowenthal’s (1995) sense, open to many and varied interpretations. In this context, then, managing heritage for the community is a difficult matter, which causes many tensions, between the various people responsible for managing ‘heritage’ and between these people and the community in which the ‘heritage’ is situated. Heritage and community are thus fuelled with tension and conflicts and the usefulness of the term ‘heritage’ as a political descriptor of our collective history, packaged in to revenue-generating pieces, is called in to question. References Howard P (2003) Heritage Management, Interpretation and Identity, London: Continuum. Lowenthal D (1995) The Past is a Foreign Country, Cambridge: University Press. Timothy DJ Boyd S W (2003) Heritage Tourism, Harlow: Prentice Hall. Grenville J (1999) Managing the Historic Rural Landscape, London: Routledge. Chitty G Baker D (1999) Managing Historic Sites Buildings, London: Routledge.